15 results on '"Studies in Human Society"'
Search Results
2. Trends, heterogeneity, and correlates of mental health and psychosocial well-being in later-life: study of 590 community-dwelling adults aged 40–104 years
- Author
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Jordan N. Kohn, Dylan J. Jester, Amanda H. Dilmore, Michael L. Thomas, Rebecca Daly, and Dilip V. Jeste
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quality of life/wellbeing ,Aging ,Emotions ,Medical and Health Sciences ,wellbeing ,Clinical Research ,2.3 Psychological ,Behavioral and Social Science ,loneliness ,Humans ,Aetiology ,resilience ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Middle Aged ,optimism ,wisdom ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Healthy aging ,Good Health and Well Being ,quality of life ,Studies in Human Society ,Geriatrics ,psychological and social aspects ,Independent Living ,social and economic factors ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Mind and Body ,Gerontology - Abstract
ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to examine if mental health and psychosocial well-being differed between middle-aged (MA; 40-59 years), younger-old (YO; 60-79 years), and older-old (OO; 80+ years) adults with respect to their trends, heterogeneity, and correlates.MethodsEighteen mental health and psychosocial well-being instruments were administered to 590 adults over age 40. Cross-sectional data also included self-report-based measures of sociodemographics, cognitive functioning, physical health and activity, and body mass index.ResultsAge trends across instruments varied in magnitude and shape, but generally supported an inverted U-shaped trend in mental health and psychosocial well-being, with small increases from MA to YO age (d = 0.29) and smaller declines from YO to OO age (d = -0.17). A U-shaped association between age and mental health heterogeneity was also observed. The strongest correlates of mental health and psychosocial well-being differed by age (MA: perceived stress; YO: successful aging; OO: compassion toward others), as did the associations of a flourishing versus languishing mental health and well-being profile.ConclusionsOur findings support the "paradox of aging," whereby declines in physical and cognitive health co-occur with relatively preserved mental health and well-being. Our findings indicate that variance in mental and psychosocial health does not increase linearly with age and support careful consideration of heterogeneity in mental health and aging research. Our findings also suggest that mental health and psychosocial well-being decouple from stress-related dimensions in MA and become increasingly associated with positive, other-oriented emotions in OO, broadly supporting socioemotional theories of aging.
- Published
- 2022
3. Evaluate the Understandability of Information Display Board Signs Using a Driving Simulator Experiment
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Wang, Pei, Zhang, Tingting, Zhou, Xiao, Motamedi, Sanaz, and Chan, Ching-Yao
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Human-Computer Interaction ,Studies in Human Society ,Information and Computing Sciences ,Human Factors ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Computer Science Applications - Published
- 2021
4. Detecting Idiographic Personality Change
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Joshua J. Jackson and Emorie D Beck
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Multivariate statistics ,Time Factors ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sample (statistics) ,Personality Disorders ,Article ,Personality changes ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Clinical Research ,Humans ,Personality ,Tourism and Services ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Association (psychology) ,media_common ,Nomothetic and idiographic ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Commerce ,Variance (accounting) ,Management ,Clinical Psychology ,Studies in Human Society ,Self Report ,sense organs ,Psychology ,Change detection ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Personality changes across the lifespan, but strong evidence regarding the mechanisms responsible for personality change remains elusive. Studies of personality change and life events, for example, suggest that personality is difficult to change. But there are two key issues with assessing personality change. First, most change models optimize population-level, not individual-level, effects, which ignores heterogeneity in patterns of change. Second, optimizing change as mean-levels of self-reports fails to incorporate methods for assessing personality dynamics, such as using changes in variances of and correlations in multivariate time series data that often proceed changes in mean-levels, making variance change detection a promising technique for the study of change. Using a sample of N = 388 participants (total N = 21,790) assessed weekly over 60 weeks, we test a permutation-based approach for detecting individual-level personality changes in multivariate time series and compare the results to event-based methods for assessing change. We find that a non-trivial number of participants show change over the course of the year but that there was little association between these change points and life events they experienced. We conclude by highlighting the importance in idiographic and dynamic investigations of change.
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- 2021
5. Gendered Relational Work: How gender shapes money attitudes and expectations of young adults
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Yader R. Lanuza, Julie S. Kim, and Nina Bandelj
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Cultural Studies ,Perspective (graphical) ,Gender ,Gender Equality ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,relational work ,Studies in Human Society ,Work (electrical) ,Panel Study of Income Dynamics ,money ,Behavioral and Social Science ,cultural scripts ,time orientations ,Meaning (existential) ,Communication and Culture ,Young adult ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Language - Abstract
We link the theory of gender performance to the perspective on the social meaning of money and relational work. Using longitudinal Panel Study of Income Dynamics data on young adult women and men, ages 18 through 24 in the US, we examine survey responses to different money-related situations. We question the expected gender-typical meanings of money, offering a more contextual understanding. Specifically, we find that when asked about the present, young women express that they worry more frequently about money than men do. However, when asked about the future–likelihood of having difficulty with financially supporting one’s family and likelihood of having a job that pays well–we find no significant gender differences. Instead, we find expressions of optimism rather than worry by young women and men alike. These results hold when controlling for psychological dispositions, financial obligations, and demographics. Overall, we note the importance of contextually situating ‘gender effects’ in relation to money matters, and call for more sociological research that places gender performance centrally into the analyses of economy and examines gendered relational work across different time orientations.
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- 2021
6. The canal and the pool: infrastructures of abundance and the invention of the modern desert
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Danika Cooper
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Desert (philosophy) ,biology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,climate adaptation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.organism_classification ,Arid ,Archaeology ,landscape histories ,Geography ,Clean Water and Sanitation ,Studies in Human Society ,Built Environment and Design ,Abundance (ecology) ,Phoenix ,Arid lands ,modernity ,Environmental Sciences ,Urban & Regional Planning ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Modernist ontologies of water physically materialise in Phoenix’s landscape: over 100miles of canals convey water to the suburban grid, where thousands of gallons are piped into backyard swimming pools. The canal and pool are thus joined in architectural folly to move, hold, and control water in the service of sustaining the belief that dry ecologies are but supply chain problems in need of engineering solutions. These typologies reveal longstanding entanglements between the promises of modernity and aridland urbanism; and they further amplify the immense challenge of transitioning away from modern water infrastructure in the face of climate change. By using the canal and the pool as signifiers of the insidious entanglements between modernity, growth, and aridland urbanism, this article advances an historical examination of Phoenix that destabilises tropes of water scarcity as a problem to be solved but which has also created cultural perceptions of abundant water.
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- 2021
7. Looking the Other Way: Inscriptions, Murals, and Signs in South Indian Temples
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Archana Venkatesan
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Cultural Studies ,History ,Archeology ,History and Archaeology ,Visibility (geometry) ,Legibility ,Tamil Nadu ,Language and Linguistics ,Visual arts ,Studies in Human Society ,murals ,multi-sensorial ,Communication and Culture ,Construct (philosophy) ,Inscriptions ,Language - Abstract
In my response to four papers on the south Indian inscriptions, I explore the tension between visibility and legibility, and the ways in which inscriptions and murals construct a devotee’s experience of a sacred site.
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- 2019
8. Multifactorial discrimination, discrimination salience, and prevalent experiences of internalized homophobia in middle-aged and older MSM
- Author
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Steven Shoptaw, Linda A. Teplin, Steven Meanley, Michael Plankey, Ron Stall, Pamela J. Surkan, James E. Egan, Mary Hawk, and Derrick D. Matthews
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Male ,Adult ,Social Stigma ,Middle-aged ,education ,Stigma (botany) ,HIV Infections ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Humans ,MSM ,Homosexuality, Male ,Aged ,030214 geriatrics ,Salience (language) ,Internalized homophobia ,internalized homophobia ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Homosexuality ,Middle Aged ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Studies in Human Society ,stigma ,Geriatrics ,Homophobia ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Psychology ,Gerontology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We sought to test whether discrimination salience and multifactorial discrimination were associated with prevalent experiences of internalized homophobia among middle-aged and older men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: We analyzed data from 498 middle-aged and older MSM from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who reported any lifetime discrimination experience. We estimated the prevalence ratio of current internalized homophobia using multivariable Poisson regressions, accounting for discrimination salience, multifactorial discrimination, and covariates. We then assessed whether multifactorial discrimination moderated the association between discrimination salience and internalized homophobia. RESULTS: Over half (56.4%) of our sample reported any current experience of internalized homophobia. More than two-thirds reported multifactorial discrimination (68.2%) and more than one-third (36.7%) reported moderate-to-high discrimination salience. Increases in discrimination salience (PR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20) were associated with any current internalized homophobia among middle-aged and older MSM. Multifactorial discrimination was not statistically associated with internalized homophobia and did not moderate the association between discrimination salience and internalized homophobia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores internalized homophobia as a persisting concern among MSM in midlife and older adulthood. Our findings suggest that salience, as a characteristic of discrimination experiences, may have a greater impact on internalized homophobia compared with exposure. Future research efforts should assess facets of discrimination salience, such as severity, frequency, and chronicity, to better understand how discrimination shapes psychosocial well-being across the life course. Mental health advocates at policy, organizational, and community levels should aim to reduce intersectional stigma and address individual experiences of internalized homophobia.
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- 2019
9. Adaptation and implementation of family-based treatment enhanced with dialectical behavior therapy skills for anorexia nervosa in community-based specialist clinics
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Setareh O'Brien, Erin C. Accurso, Ellen Astrachan-Fletcher, Daniel Le Grange, and Susan F. McClanahan
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050103 clinical psychology ,Anorexia Nervosa ,6.6 Psychological and behavioural ,Eating Disorders ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medical and Health Sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Behavior Therapy ,Child ,media_common ,Pediatric ,Community based ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Serious Mental Illness ,Anorexia ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Eating disorders ,Mental Health ,Treatment Outcome ,Studies in Human Society ,Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses) ,Family Therapy ,Female ,Psychology ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology ,Psychotherapist ,Adolescent ,Community Mental Health Centers ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fidelity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Nutrition ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Body Weight ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,medicine.disease ,Dialectical behavior therapy ,Brain Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Family based - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although family-based therapy (FBT) is a well-established treatment for anorexia nervosa, its implementation and effectiveness in clinical settings has been neglected. METHOD: Seven therapists at a community-based eating disorders clinic were trained in skills-enhanced FBT and provided treatment to 11 youth with anorexia nervosa. Family-based skills training, which borrowed heavily from dialectical behavior therapy, was introduced in four additional sessions and then integrated throughout the remainder of FBT. RESULTS: FBT was perceived as “appropriate” and “acceptable” by all participants. Therapists reported high treatment fidelity. There was a large improvement in weight and moderate improvement in caregiver-reported eating disorder psychopathology but no clinically significant change by youth report. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary data on the implementation and effectiveness of FBT in the community.
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- 2017
10. Introduction to a New Clinical Applications Section: Positive Response Sets in Personality Assessment
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Hopwood, Christopher J, University of Zurich, and Hopwood, Christopher J
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,Section (typography) ,Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services ,2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,2307 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine ,Tourism and Services ,media_common ,10093 Institute of Psychology ,3203 Clinical Psychology ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Commerce ,medicine.disease ,Personality disorders ,Management ,Clinical Psychology ,Positive response ,Studies in Human Society ,Personality Assessment Inventory ,150 Psychology ,Psychology ,Diversity (politics) ,Introductory Journal Article - Abstract
The Society for Personality Assessment offers a large tent within which basic scientists, educators, and applied practitioners should all feel welcome. This diversity is also an essential feature o...
- Published
- 2019
11. Integrating Family-Based Treatment and Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa: Preliminary Outcomes of an Open Pilot Trial
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Anne Cusack, Walter H. Kaye, Roxanne Rockwell, Scott Griffiths, Stuart B. Murray, Tiffany Nakamura, and Leslie K. Anderson
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Family therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,6.6 Psychological and behavioural ,Adolescent ,Day Care ,Eating Disorders ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pilot Projects ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Theoretical ,Clinical Research ,Behavior Therapy ,Models ,Binge-eating disorder ,Medical ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Bulimia Nervosa ,Psychiatry ,Nutrition ,Pediatric ,Bulimia nervosa ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Serious Mental Illness ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Comorbidity ,Dialectical behavior therapy ,Brain Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Eating disorders ,Mental Health ,Treatment Outcome ,Studies in Human Society ,Adolescent Behavior ,Family Therapy ,Female ,Psychology ,Day Care, Medical ,Binge-Eating Disorder ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
© 2015, Routledge. All rights reserved. Adolescent bulimia nervosa (BN) remains relatively understudied, and the complex interaction between core eating psychopathology and emotional regulation difficulties provides ongoing challenges for full symptom remission. In an open pilot trial, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a program integrating family-based treatment (FBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in treating adolescent BN, without exclusion criteria. Participants were 35 adolescents who underwent partial hospital treatment for BN, and outcomes included measures of core BN pathology and emotional regulation difficulties, as well as parental measures of self-efficacy, completed at intake and discharge. Results indicate significant improvements in overall eating disorder pathology, t(68) = 4.52, p = .002, and in core BN symptoms, including objective binge episodes, t(68) = 2.01, p = .041, and self-induced vomiting, t(68) = 2.90, p = .005. Results also illustrated a significant increase in parental efficacy throughout the course of treatment, t(20) = .081, p = .001, although no global improvement in difficulties in emotion regulation was noted, t(68) = 1.12, p = .285. These preliminary findings support the utility of this integration of FBT and DBT, although raise interesting questions as to the mechanism of symptom remission.
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- 2015
12. Why Singapore Trumps Iceland
- Author
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Aihwa Ong
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Cultural Studies ,Value (ethics) ,Singapore ,Anthropology ,Genetic traits ,Genomic research ,Human Genome ,Ethnic group ,Genetic data ,Genomics ,Biopolis ,Genealogy ,Studies in Human Society ,genetic variability ,ethnic heuristic ,Situated ,Genetics ,Generic health relevance ,Sociology ,Communication and Culture ,performative database ,Expansive ,Biotechnology ,Language - Abstract
The article explores how an NIH (National Institute of Health) policy of racialization-as-inclusion in research informs the building of Asian DNA databases at Biopolis, an emerging biomedical hub in Singapore. Citing variability in DNA and populations in the Asian region, Singaporean biostatisticians challenge DeCode Genetics of Iceland as an exemplary model of genomic research. They claim that genetic traits among populations in Asia that are relatively new to medical genomics -- and being gathered "in the wild" -- gain value from being calculated and databased. The infrastructure deploys the ethnic heuristic in different registers. First, the network of ethnicity becomes a supple membrane coextensive with the network of genetic data points. Second, ethnicity is rendered an immutable mobile that circulates databases beyond tiny Singapore, making the infrastructure at once situated, flexible, and expansive. Third, the ethnic signifier carries affective value that enhances a sense of what is at stake in the building, mobilization and implications of such Asian databases. In short the origami-like folding together of multiple, flowable and perfomative data points shapes a unilateral topological space of biomedical "Asia."
- Published
- 2015
13. Measuring Anhedonia in Adolescents: A Psychometric Analysis
- Author
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David R. Strong, Adam M. Leventhal, Jennifer B. Unger, Steve Sussman, Heather E. Volk, and Janet Audrain-McGovern
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Male ,Psychometrics ,Adolescent ,Anhedonia ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Pleasure ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Item response theory ,medicine ,Humans ,Personality ,Tourism and Services ,media_common ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Pediatric ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Commerce ,Discriminant validity ,Reproducibility of Results ,Construct validity ,Management ,Clinical Psychology ,Mental Health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Studies in Human Society ,Adolescent Behavior ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Anhedonia-the reduced capacity to experience pleasure-is a trait implicated in mental and physical health. Yet, psychometric data on anhedonia measures in adolescents are absent. We conducted an in-depth psychometric analysis of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS; Snaith etal., 1995 )-a self-report measure of anticipated pleasure response to 14 pleasant experiences-in adolescents. Adolescents (N = 585, M age = 14.5) completed the SHAPS and other paper-and-pencil surveys. Item response theory models were used to evaluate the psychometric performance of each SHAPS item. Correlations of the SHAPS with other personality and psychopathology measures were calculated to evaluate construct validity. Results showed that (a) certain items (e.g., reported pleasure from basic experiences like "seeing smiling faces" or "smelling flowers") provided more information about latent anhedonia than others; and (b) SHAPS scales exhibited construct-consistent convergent and discriminant validity (i.e., stronger correlations with low positive affect constructs, weaker correlations with negative affect). Reporting diminished pleasure from basic pleasant experiences accurately indicates adolescent anhedonia, which is important for future scale development and understanding the phenomenology of anhedonia in teens. These data support using the SHAPS for assessing anhedonia in epidemiological research and school-based universal prevention programming in general adolescent populations.
- Published
- 2015
14. Managing Self/Other Relations in Complaint Sequences: The Use of Self-Deprecating and Affiliative Racial Categorizations
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Kevin A. Whitehead
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Linguistics and Language ,Plaintiff ,Social Psychology ,Communication ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Self other ,Brain Disorders ,Racial category ,Studies in Human Society ,Languages & Linguistics ,Complaint ,Communication and Culture ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Language - Abstract
The production and reception of complaints in talk-in-interaction is shaped by a range of interactional contingencies, including matters of alignment and affiliation between the complainant and complaint recipient(s), and (in cases where the complainee is a person or people) considerations associated with the implications of moral failing on the part of complainees. In this article, I describe two complementary practices through which speakers orient to and manage the implications of their racial category membership when acting in the course of complaint sequences. The first of these practices involves speakers' use of self-deprecating self-categorizations, and the second involves affiliative ways of categorizing or referring to “racial others” (i.e., members of racial categories other than the speaker's own category). These practices serve as ways in which participants can manage the matters of self/other relations made relevant in the course of complaint sequences.
- Published
- 2013
15. Modeling methane emissions from rice agriculture in China during 1961–2007
- Author
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Fuu M. Kai, James T. Randerson, and Stanley C. Tyler
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Methane emissions ,engineering.material ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,water management ,Drainage ,agriculture ,General Environmental Science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,methane ,Crop yield ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,food and beverages ,fertilizer ,Inorganic fertilizer ,Studies in Human Society ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Agriculture ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Paddy field ,Zero Hunger ,Fertilizer ,business ,Environmental Sciences ,rice paddies - Abstract
We assessed decadal changes in CH4 fluxes from rice fields in China during 1961-2007 using an empirical model that was modified to include the effects of changing patterns of fertilizer use and water management. We reviewed studies of the effects of organic amendments and found that an application rate of 6 tons/ha increased emissions by 115 ± 42% based on experimental manipulations from 10 studies. We also reviewed studies of mid-season drainage in rice fields and found that drainage reduced CH4 emissions by 35 ± 12% based on experiments reported from nine studies. Our simulations showed that the CH4 flux was about 8 Tg/year in 1961, gradually increased to a maximum of approximately 17 Tg/year in 1982, and then gradually declined to 7.5 Tg/year in 2007. The reduction in the total rice emissions after 1982 was caused primarily by changing agricultural practices, including mid-season drainage, increases in inorganic fertilizer use, improved crop yields, and decreases in the area used for rice production. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
- Published
- 2010
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