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The etio-pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be explained using a biopsychosocial model. Little is known about obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in the context of chromosomal disorders involving the X chromosome.Case studies of two patients with chromosomal disorders involving the X chromosome (Patient 1 with a variant of Turner syndrome and Patient 2 with triple X syndrome).Both patients were treated due to severe OCS. In the research MRI analysis, the most pronounced MRI change in both patients was a gray matter volume loss in the orbitofrontal cortex. Patient 1 additionally showed left mesiotemporal changes. Patient 2 presented with global gray matter volume reduction, slowing in EEG, and a reduced intelligence quotient.OCS could occur in the context of Turner syndrome or triple X syndrome. The detected MRI changes would be compatible with dysfunction of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops involved in OCD pathophysiology. Further studies with larger patient groups should investigate whether this association can be validated.

Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy (PACD) (OMIM 612868) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by partial or complete posterior lamellar corneal opacification, decreased corneal thickness and flattening of the corneal curvature. PACD is associated with heterozygous deletions in chromosome band 12q21.33 harboring DCN, KERA, LUM, and EPYC which encode small leucine-rich proteoglycans.We report on a 7-year-old male patient with PACD who had an interstitial deletion of 1.3 Mb in 12q21.33. His mother carried a balanced insertional translocation involving this 12q21.33 segment which was inserted into the proximal part of the long arm of one chromosome 13.The patient corroborates previous observations that PACD is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by combined haploinsufficiency of DCN, KERA, LUM, and EPYC and provides the first example of a balanced chromosome rearrangement involving 12q21.33 in an unaffected parent.

The title compounds show low reactivity towards electrophiles. Under forced conditions, however, the As[dbnd]C derivative 1a is attacked by methyl iodide and CCl4 to give λ5- and (δ3-dihydro)benzoxarsoles, respectively. Nucleophilic additions take place with “soft” bases while “hard” bases fail to react, thus indicating some aromaticity of the heterocycles. Me3SnH is smoothly added by a radical way. Die Titelverbindungen sind gegenuber Elektrophilen wenig reaktiv. Unter encrgischen Bedingungen setzt sich das As[dbnd]C-Derivat 1a jedoch mit Methyliodid und CCl4 zu δ5- bzw. (δ3-Dihydro)benzoxarsolen um. Nucleophile Additionen gelingen mit “weichen” Basen, wahrend “harte” Basen nicht reagieren. Dies verweist auf gewisse aromatische Stabilisierung der Heterocyclen. Me3SnH wird leicht radikalisch addiert.

Phosphonic acid bis(o-haloarylesters) as well as the corresponding phosphoric acid derivatives are reacted with sodium giving bis(o- hydroxyaryl)phosphinoxides and phosphonic acid esters or amides, resp. The primary metallation products undergo rapid 1,3-carbanionic rearrangements. Magnesium may also be used as metallating agent if activated by means of anthracen in THF.

The title compounds are formed in the reaction of o-phosphinophenole with N-arylimide chlorides of carbonic acids. The primary adducts of formimmonium chlorides, however, undergo [2 + 2]-cycloaddition to furnish 1,3-diphosphetanes. A further way to 1,3-benzoxaphospholes consists in the cyclodehydratization of carbonic acid o-phosphinophenyl esters by means of P4O10.

2-Hydroxybenzylamine bzw. 2- und 4-Aminobenzylamine reagieren mit Diphenylphosphin bei hoheren Temperaturen zu hydroxy- bzw. aminosubstituierten Benzylphosphinen. Im Falle der Alkoxy- bzw. Dialkylaminobenzylamine versagt diese Reaktion. Nach Uberfuhrung der Benzylamine in ihre quarternaren Ammoniumsalze und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit Natriumdiphenylphosphid werden die entsprechenden Alkoxy- bzw. Dialkylaminobenzylphosphine erhalten. In analoger Weise sind-auch 2-Alkylmercaptobenzylphosphine zuganglich. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen wird ein Eliminierungs-Additions-Mechanismus bzw. ein Substitutions-mechanismus diskutiert. Nach beiden Reaktionswegen sind auch die Stickstoff- bzw. Sauerstoff-substituierten Benzylarsine erhaltlich. 3-Dimethylaminomethylindol reagiert mit sekundaren Phosphinen und Arsinen entsprechend dem vorgegebenen Mechanismus zu 3-Indolylmethylphosphinen und -arsinen. 2-Hydroxybenzylamines or 2- and 4-aminobenzylamines react with diphenylphosphine at higher ...

In the last 20 years structures with pentacoordinated central atoms have been the subject of increasing interest. This development was stimulated by both the progress of dynamic NMR spectroscopy and graph theory. Bond theoretical arguments show that only three of the five theoretically possible pentacoordinated structures having at least one symmetry element can be adopted, i.e., the trigonal bipyramid, the rectangular pyramid and the monocapped tetrahedron (Figure 1). These basic structures have been found in different compounds.1–5

The reaction of different substituted dimethylamino methyl phosphines with strong bases, and the following reactions of a number of carbanions obtained, have been investigated.