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The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the armed conflict in Colombia on the environment, and in particular, terrorist attacks on the oil infrastructure and the phenomenon of oil spills ...

Provision of water to wildlife is critical during drought periods in Protected Areas (PA). The objectives of the study were to: (i) assess the distribution of artificial and natural water sources, (ii) assess if there is any relation between borehole depths and borehole water yields, and (iii) assess rainfall trends in relation to borehole yields in Mid Zambezi Protected Area (PA). A combination of remote sensing, water divining, borehole drilling, and visual observations was used to collect data in four PAs in Mid Zambezi in November 2019. Drilled boreholes had mean depths of 74 metres. There were no significant differences in borehole depths and boreholes water yield, Borehole depth: (Kruskal-Wallis χ2 test = 10,8, df = 9, p > 0.05) and borehole water yield Kruskal-Wallis χ2 test = 7,3, df = 11, p > 0.05). A negative correlation was recorded between the boreholes depth and borehole water yields (r = −0.32, n = 18, p

Alternative water sources offer opportunities to contribute to the water supply to meet non-potable urban demand, closing water supply–demand gaps. Detailed assessments of these schemes are often d...

Among children under five in Nigeria, in the year 2018, the prevalence of diarrhea was 13%, that of acute respiratory infections 3%, and that of stunting 37%. A shared-component model highlights geographic variations in the comorbidities of these diseases. The data are from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The majority of states in northern Nigeria presented clusters of higher risk for comorbidities of any pair of the three diseases. Compared with mothers with primary education or less, mothers with secondary education were 1.4 times less likely to have two or three of these diseases at the same time, and women with tertiary education 2.0 times less. Compared to childless women of the same age, mothers were 1.6 times less when aged 20–29, 1.9 times less when aged 30–39, and 2.0 times less when aged 40–49. Access to a protected water source reduced the risk by a factor of 1.3. Girls under age five were 1.2 times less likely than boys of that age to have two or three of these diseases at the same time. This factor was the same for breastfed children compared to those who were not breastfed.

A study to monitor atrazine (ATZ) and its metabolites (ATZs) (including DEA, deethylatrazine; DIA, deisopropylatrazine; HA, hydroxyatrazine) in drinking water treatment plants from water source to ...

Solid waste landfill (SWL) is known as a major pollution source contaminating air, water sources, and soil environment. The main hazard of SWL is leachate including high organic matter and nutrients. Recently, sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) based on persulphate (PS) have been applied as a useful method for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia from landfill leachate (LL). The removal efficiency of the SR-AOPs depends on effective parameters such as pH, oxidant dosage, catalyst dosage, temperature, reaction time, and so forth. Among SR-AOPs, thermal persulphate oxidation (TPO) seems to be promising for removal of both COD and ammonia; however, the high amount of energy cost is regarded as a major drawback. The drawbacks and future challenges for the use of SR-AOPs for LL have been discussed, and some strategies such as using coupled mechanisms of SR-AOPs have been proposed to tackle the common difficulties. Finally, the performance of SR-AOPs for treatment of LL has been compared with hydroxyl radical processes.

Anthropogenic processes are one of the main contributors for the presence of heavy metals in air, land and water sources, leading to environmental pollution. In the present study, Bacillus altitudi...

Pollution of water sources by pharmaceuticals has attracted attention. In this work, carbamazepine (CBZ), as a model pharmaceutical pollutant, was used to investigate its characteristics of adsorpt...

Gas resources play a key role in nowadays energy supply, and it provides 24% of the diverse energy portfolio. Water encroachment is one of the main trapping mechanisms in gas reservoirs, and it cau...

Free-range livestock can be exposed to toxic cyanobacteria by drinking water from eutrophic natural sources. This study reports on the analysis of livestock drinking water sources from ranches in a...

The common green alga Trentepohlia sp. was found growing as a biofilm on galvanised iron lamp posts where it was exposed to high zinc levels and periodic desiccation. Its sole water sources were ra...

Fluoride content of drinking water sources in 12 communities in North-Eastern states, Nigeria, was investigation. The fluoride concentration analyses were performed using the SPADNS method according to the standard method for examining water and wastewater. Fluoride concentration was in the range of 0.35–3.46 mg/L in the drinking water sources. Notably, communities with high fluoride content above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline were observed in Tumu-2 (2.88 mg/L), Lapan (3.46 mg/L), Jalingo (1.79 mg/L), and Kaleh (1.60 mg/L), respectively. The physical survey conducted indicates severe affliction of fluorosis in Lapan communities; (38% dental fluorosis, 27% skeletal fluorosis, 22% dental and skeletal, 13% without fluorosis), thus, demanding to be urgently redressed. Different water de-fluoridation processes, technologies selection, limitations, and strengths that could serve as treatment purposes in diverse conditions were proposed and highlighted to aid relevant authorities in the future implementation of mitigation measures.

Metabolites of some cyanobacteria and actinomycete species such as geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are generally the sources of earthy and musty odor in surface waters. Peroxone process, that ...

Following the high rate at which many drinking water sources are polluted globally, an adequate evaluation of the potential hazards posed by polluted water systems is essential. In Nnewi urban (sou...

The amount of fluoride in drinking water sources is very important for public health. This study was conducted to evaluate the fluoride concentration in drinking water and compare the results with ...

Large-scale secondary data show that water access is improving in Indian slums; however, women still need to procure water from multiple sources. Based on field research conducted in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, this paper examines the everyday negotiations that urban women from slums undertake at different water sources. The study finds that women depend on street taps, water vendors, water tankers, and in-house connections in varying degrees. The results show variation in negotiations that women engage in at multiple sites and sources. These variations have emerged as a result of the characteristics of the water sources and household-level water storage capacity.

While water sources that sustain many of the springs in the Mojave Desert have been poorly understood, desert wildlife and ecosystems can be highly dependent on such resources. With ever expanding ...

Due to the common use of chromium in many industrial applications, as well as its potential release into water sources, the quantification of chromium in environmental samples has great importance....

Globally, approximately 785 million people do not have access to a safe and reliable water source (UNICEF/WHO, 2019). Over twice that number, 1.9 billion, do not have access to water on their premi...

Women living in low-income areas and informal settlements in the cities regularly have to undergo hardships to access water from overstressed shared water sources in the absence of individual utili...

As precipitation and drought patterns alter in the future, it is unclear what the reservoir water elevations will be in various water sources. A modeling study performed in the present study, consi...

Evaluating the effects of using new water sources on the mechanical properties of concrete is an important issue that should be considered in practical projects such as dam construction and tunnell...

Compared with the plethora studies of microplastics in the marine environment, fewer studies have been conducted in drinking water. This study investigated the distribution and characteristics of m...

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Arsenic contamination of drinking water sources is a widespread global problem. Of the As species commonly found in groundwater, As(III) is generally more mobile and toxic than As(V). In this work, magnetic nanoparticles (MNp) modified with Fe-Mn binary oxide (MNp-FeMn) were synthesized in order to develop a low cost adsorbent with high removal efficiency for both arsenic species which can be readily separated from water using a magnetic field. MNp-FeMn were characterized using different techniques including SEM/EDS, XRD and BET analysis. Adsorption of As(III) and As(V) on MNp-FeMn was studied as a function of initial arsenic concentration, contact time, pH, and coexisting anions. The BET specific surface area of MNp-FeMn was 109 m2/g and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) was the dominant precipitated phase. The adsorption rate of As(III) and As(V) on MNp-FeMn was controlled by surface diffusion. FTIR analysis confirms that surface complexation through ligand exchange was the main mechanism for As(III) and As(V) removal on MNp-FeMn, with As(III) conversion to As(V) occurring on the adsorbent surface. The maximal adsorption capacity qmax of MNp for As(III) (26 mg/g) was significantly improved after modification with Fe-Mn binary oxide (56 mg/g), while qmax for As(V) was 51 and 54 mg/g, respectively. PO3−4 , SiO2−3 and CO2− reduced As(III) and As(V) uptake at higher concentrations. MNp-FeMn can be easily regenerated and reused with only a slight reduction in adsorption capacity. The high oxidation and sorption capacity of MNp-FeMn, magnetic properties and reusability, suggest this material is a highly promising adsorbent for treatment of arsenic contaminated groundwater.

Desalination is an increasingly important water source for the sunny, arid city of El Paso, Texas. As the city’s population grows, El Paso Water, the city’s water utility, has had to drill deeper i...

In areas with inadequate improved water supply, irrigation water serves as an alternative water source for domestic uses in addition to its prime purpose of agricultural production. This increased water availability for the household can generate positive hygiene and health impacts, but poor irrigation water quality can be a source of domestic water contamination and can be harmful to human health. Using primary household survey data from two rural districts of Ethiopia, this study seeks to disentangle these opposite effects: the results show that irrigation is associated with poor household water quality (adjusted odds ratio 1.68, 95%, CI 1.07-2.66) and a lower risk of diarrheal disease (adjusted odds ratio 2.07, 95%, CI 1.24-3.44). Domestic use of irrigation water, however, does not further degrade the microbial quality of household water. On the other hand, the domestic use of irrigation water reduces the burden of water collection (p 0.01). Providing education and training programs to foster behavioral change towards sustainable improvements in water resource management, such as the safe use of irrigation water for domestic purposes through appropriate point-of-use water treatment, would be crucial to maximize the benefits of the domestic use of irrigation water and to minimize adverse environmental and health risks.

The study mapped soil loss hotspots and slope angles in the Upper Runde sub-catchment (URSC) with particular concentration on Gweru water sources. The catchment assessment to estimate the severity ...

Diclofenac is a commercial non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonlypresent as a pollutant in naturally occurring water sources andwastewaters. In this work, the adsorption of diclofenac onto chitosancoatedmagnetic nanosystems is proposed as a possible tool for remediation.Experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out toreveal the mechanisms associated with diclofenac interactions among allthe components of the nanosystem. Mechanisms are presented, analyzedand discussed. A toxicological study in mice was carried out toevaluate the parameters associated with neurotoxicity of the nanodevice.The elucidation of the mechanisms implied in the adsorption process ofdiclofenac onto magnetic chitosan nanocomposites suggests that diclofenacremediation from water is possible by adsorption onto chitosan.The strategy innovates the commonly used methodologies for diclofenacremediation from pharmaceutical wastes. This magnetic nanotechnologywould not induce damage on the nervous system in a murine model, incase of traces remaining in water sources. Fil: Agotegaray, Mariela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina Fil: Gumilar, Fernanda Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur; Argentina Fil: Ferreira, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina Fil: Lassalle, Verónica Leticia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina

Demand for water resources has increased globally along with concerns over its protection, usage and potential scarcity. The location of abundant water sources do not always coincide with where lar...

The Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in the household (HH) drinking water is often a public health concern. Very few studies explore the associated factors and spatial risk modeling together for E. coli contamination in Bangladesh, this research gap motivates to explore this fact further by utilizing Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2012-13 data. A Bayesian spatial ordered logit model was used to examine the associated factors and spatial risks of the E. coli contamination. The results show that 62% of HH water samples were contaminated with E. coli. After controlling for different factors, a high level of E. coli contamination was observed among HHs who had access to non-improved water sources. Moreover, no significant rural-urban difference was observed. The spatial prediction of the high-risk contamination was prominent in districts like Dhaka and Bandarban. The study findings can provide insights into the planning of policy activities in Bangladesh.

The current study was carried out to investigate the hydrochemistry of groundwater in Xuecha drinking water source by statistical analysis and graphical approaches, and to evaluate the groundwater ...

Groundwater is the only water source in the Siddipeta-Vagu (SDV) region, India, and its quality is vital as it is the primary factor determining the groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigat...

In the once fertile area around Sagalou village, rising sea water has salinated and blocked former water sources. Djibouti, January 2019. Courtesy of Susan SchulmanDjibouti is profoundly affected b...

Pesticides are an important part of crop production worldwide, however their use poses a threat to potable water sources. Seasonal use of pesticides can cause increased concentrations to be detecte...

Water is a fundamental part of any in vivo microbiome experiment however, it is also one of the most overlooked and underreported variables within the literature. Currently there is no established standard for drinking water quality set by the Canadian Council on Animal Care. Most water treatment methods focus on inhibiting bacterial growth within the water while prolonging the shelf-life of bottles once poured. When reviewing the literature, it is clear that some water treatment methods, such as water acidification, alter the gut microbiome of experimental animals resulting in dramatic differences in disease phenotype progression. Furthermore, The Jackson Lab, one of the world’s leading animal vendors, provides acidified water to their in-house animals and is often cited in the literature as having a dramatically different gut microbiome than animals acquired from either Charles River or Taconic. While we recognize that it is impossible to standardize water across all animal facilities currently conducting microbiome research, we hope that by drawing attention to the issue in this commentary, researchers will consider water source as an experimental variable and report their own water sources to facilitate experimental reproducibility. Moreover, researchers should be cognisant of potential phenotypic differences observed between commercial animal vendors due to changes in the gut microbiome as a result of various sources of water used.

Wetland areas are known as ‘the kidneys of the Earth’ because they provide important functions towards stabilizing the environment, long-term protection of water sources, effectively minimizing sed...

Gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in drinking water samples from coastal areas of Nigeria has been investigated using an MPC-2000-DP model proportional counter. A total of 60 drink...

The temporal variations in electrical conductivity and the stable isotopes of water, δD and δ18O, were examined at Chhota Shigri Glacier, India, to understand water sources and flow paths to discha...

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Households in low- and middle-income countries commonly make use of multiple water sources. However, it remains unclear to what extent their drinking water choices are optimal from a health perspective. This matched cohort study across 10 islands in Vanuatu examined communities with both a groundwater and rainwater source to determine whether their preferred drinking option was the safest in microbial terms. In communities that preferred to drink rainwater, 56.5% of rainwater sources had ‘high-risk’ or ‘very high risk’ Escherichia coli contamination (> 10 MPN/100 mL) compared with 26.1% of groundwater sources (p = 0.092). Moreover, a preference for drinking rainwater was significantly associated with rainwater sources having ‘high-risk’ or ‘very high risk’ levels of E. coli contamination (p = 0.045). Results show that communities do not necessarily choose the safest water source for drinking. Findings also highlight the need to bolster local capacity to manage water quality risks and for Sustainable Development Goal monitoring to distinguish between protected and unprotected rainwater tanks.

This study aimed to characterize metal contaminant concentrations and assess temporal and spatial variability in the main drinking water sources of Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. Water sources from five communities were sampled in two seasons, June (2014) and October (2014), and analysed for a suite of metals. A geographic information system was used to examine the spatial distribution of sampling points. Metal concentrations were below the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) primary drinking water standards. Mean manganese concentrations were comparatively higher in wells (254.5 µg/L), exceeding the USEPA secondary drinking water standard (50 µg/L). Higher mean Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios (range 2.3-3.4) may indicate different interactions between seawater and groundwater throughout the year. Although metal concentrations were within the limits of the USEPA drinking water standards, emerging contaminants, such as manganese, showed concentrations in excess of recommended limits. These metals may interact with background nutritional status with potential implications for growth and development.

Surface water is the main source of water for human life and production. The quality of water affects living conditions and the overall health of people. Ecological protection and restorati...

In most of arid and semi-arid regions, there are limited sources of available fresh water for different domestic and environmental demands. Strategic and parsimonious fresh water-use in water-scarc...

Diarrhea is one of the main causes of children's death. Due to the importance of health in children under 5 years, this study has been conducted to determine the influence of the use of improved sa...

While water sources that sustain many of the springs in the Mojave Desert have been poorly understood, the desert ecosystem can be highly dependent on such resources. This evaluation updates the wa...

Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent is increasingly used as reclaimed water and as water sources for downstream areas. Effluent dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is considered to be the precursor to nitrogen disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). Here, we investigated DON removal by pre-ozonation-enhanced coagulation and found that (1) pre-ozonation significantly enhanced the removal of DON, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and UV

Vigorous knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of toxic metals (TMs) in theenvironment is needed to assess their toxicological impacts on human health especially in developing countries like...

Seasonal water insecurity is a growing concern in many countries. For some households, rainwater and greywater are important alternative water sources. This study examines household patterns and socio-economic predictors of using rainwater and greywater in urban Philippines, in rainy versus dry seasons. Results from a household survey (N = 396) and in-depth interviews (N = 18) suggest that rainwater and greywater use are widespread, particularly among households with more members, less financial resources, and less access to the public utility, in seasonal ways. Future research into the adoption and diffusion of these practices may inform policies that promote equitable water access year-round.

The relation between water utility ownership structure and price of water is explored in this study, along with other factors such as water source, population size, population density, population g...

More than half of North Carolina’s population utilizes groundwater as a drinking water source. Efforts to protect water sources include groundwater monitoring around some of the larger wastewater s...