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After evolutionary theory was introduced in China, Herbert Spencer's interpretation of it in the form of social Darwinism persuaded the Chinese that if they wanted to strengthen their nation, they would have to accept the brutal truth of natural selection, in which the principle of survival of the fittest rules. This version of evolutionary theory, when combined with the pragmatic thrust of Confucianism and the realpolitik of legalism from China's indigenous tradition, started a storm of materialism and utilitarianism in modern China. In the process, the traditional social order based on the rule of propriety (li) was completely subverted and replaced by a new order predicated on the rule of competition and power. This development produced a new mental outlook that privileged power over everything else, seriously undermined the rules of ethics and caused serious political consequences in the late Qing and early Republican period. This intellectual development may have contributed to ending the dynastic ru...

The Editor-in-Chief and Publisher of OncoTargets and Therapy have been alerted to unacceptable levels of duplication with another published paper: Zhu D, Chen H, Yang X, Chen W, Wang L, Xu J and Yu L. Decreased microRNA-224 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Diagnostic Pathology. 9;198:2014.Accordingly, we retract Zhu D, Chen H, Yang X, Chen W, Wang L, Xu J, Yu L. miR-32 functions as a tumor suppressor and directly targets SOX9 in human non–small cell lung cancer. OncoTargets and Therapy. 2015;8:1773–1783.This Retraction relates to&nbsp

I would like to discuss the enormous effect that Aspirations has had on our society from the perspective of cultural studies. What, after all, is it that this film so strenuously extols? It is nothing but the traditional Confucian mode of interpersonal relationships that existed under the clan-law system (zongfa zhidu) and that emphasized the values of familial paternalism and benevolence. The author deliberately downplayed the historical background of the story and emphasized, instead, the importance of kinship ties and blood relations. From the perspective of the structure of the narrative, what is described here is all kinds of interpersonal relationships within a closed clan or family, the love and kindness among the various members of this extended family, and a primitive sort of equality among them. A key figure in the story is the foundling. It is through her that the author brings forth and realizes the ideal that "every old person will be cared for and every child will be nurtured." Some people m...