Search

Information technological advances have significantly increased large volumes of corporate datasets, which have also created a wide range of business opportunities related to big data and cloud com...

It has been proved that lactate-4.25% dialysate could result in peritoneal fibrosis by inducing alternative activation of macrophages in our previous study, but the mechanism of high glucose-induced alternative activation has not been elucidated. This study was, therefore, to investigate the mechanism by high glucose stimuli.In this study, Raw264.7 (murine macrophage cell line) cells were cultured and stimulated by 4.25% glucose medium, and mannitol medium was used as osmotic pressure control. Cells were harvested at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h to examine the expression of Arg-1, CD206, and p-Akt. After blocking PI3K by LY294002, the expression of Arg-1, CD206, and p-Akt was examined again.The expression of Arg-1 and CD206 was increased in a time-dependent manner induced by high glucose medium. On the contrary, there was mainly no Agr-1 or CD206 expressed in cells cultured in the mannitol medium with the same osmotic pressure. What's more, Akt was phosphorylated at the eighth hour stimulated by high glucose medium, and LY294002 inhibited the expression of Arg-1 and CD206 by blocking the phosphorylation of Akt.Our study indicated that high glucose rather than high osmotic pressure induced M2 phenotype via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

SummarySalinity negatively impacts plant growth and productivity, but little is known about nitrate stress responses in celery (Apium graveolens L.). To improve our understanding of the adaptation of celery in nitrate-rich environments, we constructed a suppression-subtractive hybridisation (SSH) library. cDNAs from celery root tissue exposed to 100 mM total nitrate for 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, or 72 h were used as testers, and cDNAs of roots exposed to 0 mM nitrate for the same treatment times were used as drivers. Sequence analysis of the SSH cDNA library generated 202 high-quality expression sequence tags (ESTs), of which 112 were non-redundant. Eighty ESTs showed similarities to proteins of known function, and could be categorised into 11 functional groups, including metabolism, protein synthesis, cell defense and rescue, signal transduction, transport facilitation, genetic information processing, energy, cell structure, transcription, unknown, and no hits. Ten of the ESTs were selected by reverse transcripti...