Search

How viewers form dispositions toward narrative characters is a central question of affective disposition theory. Two routes are explained by current models: Schema activation, whereby viewers’ disp...

A hallmark of intelligent behavior is rationality—the disposition and ability to think analytically to make decisions that maximize expected utility or follow the laws of probability, and therefore align with normative principles of decision making. However, the question remains as to whether rationality and intelligence are empirically distinct, as does the question of what cognitive mechanisms underlie individual differences in rationality. In a large sample of participants (N = 331), we used latent variable analyses to assess the relationship between rationality and intelligence. The results indicated that there was a common ability underpinning performance on some, but not all, rationality tests. Latent factors representing rationality and general intelligence were strongly correlated (r = .54), but their correlation fell well short of unity. Indeed, after accounting for variance in performance attributable to general intelligence, rationality measures still cohered on a latent factor. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that rationality correlated significantly with fluid intelligence (r = .56), working memory capacity (r = .44), and attention control (r = .49). Structural equation modeling revealed that attention control fully accounted for the relationship between working memory capacity and rationality, and partially accounted for the relationship between fluid intelligence and rationality. Results are interpreted in light of the executive attention framework, which holds that attention control supports information maintenance and disengagement in service of complex cognition. We conclude by speculating about factors rationality tests may tap that other cognitive ability tests miss, and outline directions for further research.

The relationship between empathy and burnout in helping professions has been debated extensively, with some arguing the tendency to vicariously experience the emotions of another is a risk factor for burnout and others arguing that this disposition protects against burnout. We sought to aid this debate by assessing the relationship between two empathy facets, positive and negative, and burnout across three samples of helping professionals: practicing clinicians (N = 59), medical students (N = 76), and teaching assistants (N = 77). Results across all three samples consistently revealed that one's tendency to share in the positive emotions of another (i.e., positive empathy) was related to lower levels of burnout, even after controlling for several potential confounding factors. Beyond discussing the utility of the emerging study of positive empathy, we offer potential avenues for reducing burnout in helping professions by emphasizing the importance of sharing in the positive emotions of others.

During the last decade, intellectual humility has gone from a topic of philosophical inquiry to one of serious scientific investigation. It has been variously described as a remedy for political polarization, a tool for advancing scientific credibility, and a disposition that promotes learning. However, less attention has been paid to how intellectual humility has been defined and measured or how well psychologists' definitions and measures align with one another or with philosophers' accounts. Through a systematic review of empirical intellectual humility research, we identified 18 separate definitions and 20 measures including16 unique questionnaires. We then synthesized this research to advance a new framework of intellectual humility. Implications of this framework for measurement and future research on intellectual humility are discussed.

Intentional explanations are explanations of actions that specify the motive for which the action was done. A central question is whether causality plays a role in such explanations. Causalists ins...

Prior studies have demonstrated the educational and mental health benefits of grit — disposition to show passion and perseverance for long term goals — in different societies. However, there is lim...

Intellectual humility is commonly thought to be a mindset, disposition, or personality trait that guides our reactions to evidence as we seek to pursue the truth and avoid error. Over the last deca...

This paper reports an action research study I conducted into the mathematical productive disposition of 29 tenth grade learners in the Philippines by analyzing their metaphorical conceptualizations...

This study explores the negative disposition of many hospitality higher education faculty toward MOOCs, an increasingly prominent delivery mode in pedagogical discourse which potentially enriches s...

Current scholarship on translingual pedagogies focus on writer’s translingual strategies and practices. While scholarship explores translingual assessment practices, there is limited quantitative r...

Recent observers from the financial world have described the current status of the economy as “unhinged” and traversing “unchartered territory.” These expressions reflect the unprecedented freeing ...

The following paper presents the results of a case study on the educational potentiality of pedagogical documentation as a way to construct the research disposition of preschool teachers in initial...

Purpose: Purpose of the current study was to assess the presence and functionality of the nucleoside transporters in the lacrimal gland for the tear disposition of its substrate given intravenously...

Though the idea was shelved after unsuccessful 2018 negotiations, a territorial exchange could be the most promising disposition available.

This study examines if and how the promptness of reporting internal and external police misconduct influences the disposition and discipline of misconduct investigations. Data were collected from o...

This position paper explores how community art education students applied an a-r-tographic disposition as artists, researchers, and teachers to investigate the pedagogic potential of public art in ...

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent the attitude toward computers and disposition to critical thinking of postgraduate students in the field of educational sciences predicted th...

Ethylene glycol 2-ethylhexyl ether (EGEHE) is a solvent used in a variety of applications.We report disposition and metabolism of EGEHE following a single gavage or dermal administration of 50, 150...

This exploratory study investigated the experiences of teachers who participated in a collaborative inquiry project. This was designed to gain insights into the learning dispositions (skill, inclin...

Background Homoeostasis of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) contributes to cognitive functional integrity in learners and can be greatly influenced by emotions and stress. While moderate stress can enhance learning and memory processes, long-term stress compromises learning performance in a face-to-face classroom environment. Integrative online learning and communication tools were shown to be beneficial for visualization and comprehension but their effects on the ANS are poorly understood. We aim to assess the effects of video conference-supported live lectures compared to on-site classroom teaching on autonomic functions and their association with learning performance. Methods and Design Fifty mentally and physically healthy medical students will be enrolled in a randomized two-period crossover study. Subjects will attend a seminar, which is held in face-to-face and simultaneously transmitted via videoconference. Subjects will be allocated in two arms in a randomized sequence determining the order in which both seminar settings will be attended. At baseline and throughout the interactive seminar subjects will undergo detailed autonomic testing comprising neurocardiac (heart rate variability), sudomotor (sympathetic skin response), neurovascular (laser Doppler flowmetry) and pupillomotor (pupillography) function. Furthermore, learning progress will be evaluated using pre- and post-tests on the seminar subject and emotions will be assessed using profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Carryover effects will be handled using a two-way repeated measures (mixed model). Between-group differences (baseline vs face-to-face vs videoconference) will be determined using one-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keul test. Limitations and Strengths This study may elucidate complex interactions between autonomic and emotional dynamics during conventional on-site and video conference-based teaching, thus providing a basis for customized learning and teaching methods. Understanding and utilizing advanced distance learning strategies is particularly important during the current pandemic, which has been limiting on-site teaching dramatically in nearly all countries of the world.

Through a quantitative research model, this study aims to understand the general attitudes of theology students in Turkey regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In examining the determinant factors on their attitudes, research findings include: previous online education experience, the frequency of participating in synchronous courses, the qualifications of the instructor, the assessment and evaluation procedures, the orientation training programs and the infrastructure opportunities of the universities. Interpreting these factors enables the authors of this article to suggest a conversational relationship between RE and Islamic sciences with some shared objectives that leads to naming guiding principles in a manner that significantly supports students' vocational journey.

Motivation is a decisive factor of human behaviour and professional performance. The motivational disposition of translators, interpreters, and students remains a relatively unexplored area. Motiva...

Young Black women face dual marginality in the classroom due to longstanding racial and gender stereotypes. However, critical examinations of their academic dispositions remain relatively absent fr...

Social institutions that seek to realize justice must foster the moral disposition to act on the norms of justice. In order to spell out this claim, the paper turns to Hegel’s idea of Sittlichkeit ...

This article describes in vivo biotransformation and disposition of erdafitinib following single oral dose of 3H-erdafitinib and 14C-erdafitinib to intact and bile duct-cannulated (BC) rats (4 mg/k...

This study through a quantitative research methodology investigated mathematics productive disposition as a correlate of senior secondary school students' achievement in mathematics in Nigeria. A c...

Yan Li,1 Maria Palmisano,1 Duxin Sun,2 Simon Zhou1 1Translational Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07920, USA; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USACorrespondence: Simon ZhouTranslational Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Celgene Corporation, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07920, USATel +1 908-673-9284Fax +1 908-673-2842Email szhou@celgene.comBackground: Voclosporin, a more potent derivative of cyclosporine, has been studied extensively in patients with immunologic disorders such as psoriasis, organ transplantation, uvetitis and lupus nephritis. Although better tolerated and safer than cyclosporine, voclosporin is inferior to cyclosporine in treating psoriasis, non-inferior to tacrolimus in organ transplantation and efficacious in treating lupus nephritis.Methods: The pharmacokinetic dispositions of voclosporin and cyclosporine in central and peripheral compartments were analyzed and correlated with their distinct clinical efficacy and safety profiles.Results: Both drugs demonstrated non-linear pharmacokinetics with increasing doses, more prominently at lower doses of voclosporin than at 10-fold higher doses of cyclosporine. Repeated lower dosing of voclosporin produced preferential calcineurin inhibition in and near blood circulation, leading to relatively lower cardiovascular and renal adverse effects but inferior efficacy for psoriasis compared to cyclosporine. With 10-fold higher plasma levels and deeper tissue penetration, cyclosporine has more prevalent renal and cardiac toxicities but superior efficacy to treat psoriasis.Conclusion: Although the two drugs are similar in structure and mechanism of action, the high potency and low dose compounded by the non-linear disposition of voclosporin resulted in more systemic versus local calcineurin inhibition than with cyclosporine. The dispositional difference between voclosporin and cyclosporine accounted for the puzzling efficacy and safety observations in different patients and was the basis for their optimal and differential use in treating diverse immunologic disorders.Keywords: pharmacokinetic, disposition, cyclosporine and voclosporin

This research explores the positive impact of service-learning on the disposition of students in mathematics. This was a qualitative case study of high school AP Statistics students who completed a...

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) models play an increasingly significant role in accurate time series prediction tools. However, an accurate time series forecasting using ANN requires an optimal m...

This paper explores a novel data set (n = 1190) to understand trends in public disposition towards alternative postsecondary learning, with a focus on employers. Results indicate that public favour...

This paper forms part of a larger project which seeks to derive a theory of art from a close reading of Spinoza's work. It focuses on the importance of the aligned terms of ingenium and dispositio,...

In this paper, we explore the role of social empathy in policymaking. Social empathy extends empathy from an interpersonal disposition to the social and political structures that inform policy proc...

While recent years have seen increasing initiatives to engage students as partners in higher education, some students tend to be privileged yet others are excluded based on certain selection standa...

Community-engaged rhetoric enables rhetoricians to discern the ways social issues appear in the nomos, or cultural disposition, of public discourse; to hear the diverse ways humans measure experien...

This study examined elaboration likelihood model (ELM) processing routes used by audiences to evaluate image repair messages for two organizations that often provoke polarizing dispositions in audi...

This study examined how characteristics of patrol officers and complaint cases influenced the timeliness of completing police misconduct investigations. Further, it analyzed how the timeliness of the investigation influenced the disposition and discipline of complaint investigations while controlling for relevant variables. Data were collected from a Midwestern municipal police agency for all formal complaints filed against patrol officers from 2006 to 2017. The analyses demonstrated that the nature of the complaint and number of police officers present on scene were two predictors of the timeliness of complaint investigations. This study also found that police officer and complaint characteristics were relevant predictors of the disposition and discipline outcomes of complaint investigations. Limitations and policy implications are discussed. This study contributes to the existing body of literature on complaints of police misconduct by introducing a new variable: timeliness of investigations.

This study aimed to present a model of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) by incorporating international posture, motivational disposition (ideal L2 self), second language (L2) se...

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin was compared in healthy chickens, Eimeria infected chickens and in Eimeria infected chickens pre-treated with amprolium or toltrazuril following a single IV and oral administration at dose 10 mg/kg. The blood samples were taken after administration at different time intervals (5 min to 24 hours) to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of enrofloxacin. The different concentrations of enrofloxacin were determined by using HPLC assay method. Serum concentrations versus time were analysed by a non-compartmental method. The results explored a significant decrease in serum concentrations of enrofloxacin at different time intervals and a significant change in pharmacokinetic profiles in Eimeria infected chickens compared with those values in healthy chickens whereas, amprolium improves these values. Toltrazuril leads to a significant decrease in enrofloxacin concentrations compared with infected non-treated chickens. Multiple-dose study revealed a longer withdrawal period of enrofloxacin in infected non-treated and infected chickens pre-treated with amprolium compared with the healthy group.

The disposition and metabolism of prexasertib, a CHK-1 inhibitor was characterised over a 120 h period following a single 170-mg intravenous dose of [14C]prexasertib (50 µCi) to 6 patients with adv...

The current study examines the influence of defendant sex, mode of disposition, and sex-by-mode of disposition grouping on incarceration and sentence length decisions. In addition, this study exami...

Using disposition theory as a framework, this 2 (headscarf vs. no headscarf) by 2 (US citizen vs. refugee) experiment sought to elucidate the impact of visual and verbal cues in mediated messages o...

The United States-centric nature of the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) subfield poses a range of pedagogical challenges, especially when the subject is taught outside North America. The preponderanc...

‘Nothing more rigorously distinguishes the different classes than the disposition objectively demanded by the legitimate consumption of legitimate works’. (Bourdieu, 1985, p. 40) The structures of ...

1. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB) is a common ingredient in personal care products and used as an UV stabilizer. In these studies, disposition and metabolism of [(14)C]HMB in rats and mice was assessed following single gavage administration (10, 100, or 500 mg/kg), single IV administration (10 mg/kg), or dermal application (0.1, 1, 10, or 15 mg/kg). 2. Following gavage administration, [(14)C]HMB was well absorbed and excreted mainly in urine (39–57%) and feces (24–42%) with no apparent difference between doses, species or sexes. Distribution of HMB in tissues was minimal in rats (0.36%) and mice (

In this paper I argue that there is a notion of autonomy which can be extrapolated from Wollstonecraft’s work: central to this notion is the need for us all to adopt a disposition to non-do...

In light of allegations that the federal use of early disposition (§5K3) departures circumvents efforts at equality and transparency, this study examines the role of gender in the application of §5...

There is an inconsistency between the importance of professional dispositions for teaching perceived by practitioners and other stakeholders in literature and the omission of dispositions i...

In view of global environmental and social challenges the transition towards a Circular Economy is considered as a crucial factor for sustainable development. Therefore, the replacement of traditio...

Sulfolane has been found as a ground water contaminant near refining sites. These studies investigated the in vitro hepatic clearance and in vivo disposition of [14C]sulfolane in rats and m...

In a rapidly changing and dynamic world, individuals’ propensity to trust is likely to become an increasingly important facet for understanding human behaviour, yet its measurement has mostly been unexplored. We undertake the first systematic qualitative survey of propensity to trust scales using qualitative meta-analysis methodology to review the literature (1966–2018) and identify 26 measures and their applications in 179 studies. Using content analysis, we thematically organise these scales into six thematic areas and discuss the emerging implications. We find that while most of these scales reflect propensity to trust in terms of a positive belief in human nature, other themes include general trust, role expectations, institutional trust, cautiousness and other personality attributes. We reveal significant methodological concerns regarding several scales and argue for more considered selection of scales for use in research. We examine the case for multidimensionality in measures of propensity to trust used within organisational research. Rather than treating a lack of generalisability of findings in existing organisational studies as purely a problem of measurement design, we instead outline an agenda for further conceptual and empirical study.