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Oil transportation pump unit is an utterly important part of mobile pipeline, which provides power for oil. In war, the pump unit is easy to be damaged because of its large target. It is important ...

Skin effect electric heat tracing plays an extremely important role in heavy oil transportation because of its high heating efficiency and strong applicability. However, the heat tracing tu...

The technology of heavy oil transportation by core-annular flow (CAF) is attracting more and more attention. In this paper, the flow of oil-water annular flow in a 19 mm horizontal pipe in the pres...

The oil spill recovery capacity-OSRC plays a vital role in setting up national or regional response capability to combat the big risk of marine oil spills from oil transportation activities around ...

Despite significant efforts to improve environmental safety in marine oil transportation, the risk of a major accident with devastating oil spills has most likely increased. Building on the regime analytical approach where it is assumed that international collaboration may benefit participating countries, it is argued that bilateral and sub-regional initiatives may increase maritime safety significantly, compared to exclusive reliance on universal conventions. A distinction is made between on the one hand investments in safety-increasing infrastructure and local capacity building and on the other, vessel design, on-board installations and crew qualifications. It is suggested that bilateral and sub-regional initiatives are more likely to be taken on the former kind of objects, targeting issues, such as modernization of port facilities, monitoring support, assistance in emergency capacity building and designation of ports of refuge, because the interaction between the involved countries are comparably stable in the cases. Actual efforts to improve safety seem to follow the logic of separation between these two types of safety-increasing measures. It is concluded that similar drivers of bilateral and sub-regional initiatives targeting specific aspects of marine safety and contributing to overall collective benefits from improved environmental protection probably exist also in other regions than the Baltic Sea.

Projected petroleum developments and an increase in maritime oil transportation in the Russian Arctic have raised awareness regarding the need for an effective oil spill emergency response (OSER) system. This paper examines the OSER system in the Murmansk region of Northwest Russia. The system comprises of multiple federal, regional and private organisations with functionally specified tasks. Coordination among the organisations becomes a prerequisite for the system as a whole to function. The study first discusses the different forms of formal and informal coordination mechanisms that are at play in the OSER system. Second, it analyses how the interdependencies in the OSER system affect organisational behavior, in terms of coordination or competition. We first conclude that while formal coordination mechanisms provide structure to the system, informal mechanisms facilitate the formal mechanisms and may compensate for shortcomings. Second, there is a sense of commonality of purpose related to bei...

The geopolitics of the Caspian oil has been one of the most prominent issues of the post-cold war Eurasian politics and studies. Among many other subissues within this general title, selection of the pipelines and their routes are still a centre of immense concern for all sides involved in the Caspian oil business. While serious controversies are going on over the projected pipelines, some of the pipelines have recently been opened, which are used for the transportation of the early oil from the Caspian basin to the Black Sea and eventually into the Mediterranean through the Turkish Straits, which have been serving for a long time as a north‐south ‘:naval silk road’ between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean nations. By opening the way for such additional oilflow through the Straits, the increasing numbers of oil tankers passing this naturally, geographically and politically troublesome sea passage raised a tremendous amount of concerns about the environmental soundness and dangers of oil transportation ...