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Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the release effect of Luliconazole from different polymeric (Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic) microsponges prepared using varying concentrations. The best microsponge was selected and incorporated into different gel (Natural and synthetic) and drug release is determined and compared with marketed formulation. Methods: Polymers such as EC, HPMC, Eudragit RSPO and PVA as emulsifier, and solvent DCM is used as solvent. Microsponge were prepared by using the quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique. FTIR was studied to estimate the incompatibility. Microsponges were evaluated for SEM, particle size, drug content, and In vitro diffusion studies. Optimized microsponge incorporated gel was prepared by using different gel (flax seed gel and Aerosil gel) were evaluated for pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content and in vitro diffusion studies. Results: Theresults obtainedshowed no physical-chemical incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. EC, HPMC and EC combination was found to be a suitable polymer compared to Eudragit RSPO and other combination in preparation of microsponge. From the evaluation of microsponge, the optimized F1 formulations was incorporated into different gel (flax seeds, aerosil) and compared with marketed formulation in which MG-I (flax seed gel) was considered as good topical anti-fungal microsponge gel based on there physical parameters and drug release kinetics. Conclusion: Microsponge and microsponge gel were successfully prepared for Luliconazole and their evaluation studies of each dosage form revealed that topically applied microsponge gel possess immense potential to control the release rate of medicament to improve the bioavailability as well as patient compliance.

Cubosomes are the nanoparticles of bicontinuous, lyotropic cubic phases, comprised of curved lipid bilayers organized into a three-dimensional honeycomb (cavernous) like structures separating two internal aqueous channels and large interfacial area. Cubic phases are optically isotropic, very viscous, and solid-like (crystalline) with cubic crystallographic symmetry. They can encapsulate hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic drug substances, which are able to target and control the release of the bioactive agent. The cosmetic industry has made progress in the development of products to overcome skin as a barrier and deliver the actives through the skin effectively. Drug incorporated cubosomes shows some unique advantageous like, protection from chemical and physiological degradation, in vivo drug release in a controlled manner and improving the bioavailability of drug while reducing the side effect. Cubosomes are pharmacologically inactive, non-irritant, non-toxic, effective, and cosmetically acceptable. Topical drug delivery can deliver drugs selectively to the specific site; this avoids fluctuations of drug levels and improves patient compliance and suitable local and systemic therapeutic effects. Cubosomal topical drug formulation shows outstanding potential advantages for their controlled and sustained drug delivery. This review article mainly focuses on cosmetic and topical applications of cubosomes.

The transdermal drug delivery system is an alternative method of administration of drugs. Most of the drugs are delivered by conventional oral, topical, intravenous, and intramuscular methods and are is of limited efficiency. However, now the clinical use of transdermal delivery is limited because of stratum cornea of the skin act as an effective barrier that limits the permeation of drugs through the skin. To overcome this disadvantage, there are Recent developments in transdermal drug delivery, such as the usage of nanoparticles i.e., liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsion, virosomes, phytosomes, dendrimers, proniosomes, microneedles, and separable microneedles. This nanoparticulate transdermal drug delivery exhibits great potential to ensure drug permeation through the skin. They are very tiny carriers to detect by the immune system and further, they can be delivering the drug to the targeted site and also have the ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs by reducing the complexity. Nanoparticles are made of different materials and they’re very different in structure and chemical properties are discussed in this review article.

Lipid dosage forms are the most preferred delivery system for hydrophobic drug molecules. Lipid dosage forms has many advantages of higher degree of biocompatibility and versatility and also lipid dosage form gained more importance in recent years because of their ability to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs with poor water solubility. Lipid formulation can be altered in various ways to provide wide range of product requirements as per the disease condition, route of administration, toxicity and efficacy. Lipid formulations are most reliable strategy for formulating pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral delivery. Due to their capability as therapeutic agents, ideally, these lipid-soluble drugs are incorporated into inert lipid carriers such as oil, surfactant dispersion, liposomes, emulsion etc. Emulsion is one of the known systems since many years. Pharmaceutical application of the emulsion is widely speeded after the microemulsion and nano emulsions appearance. Microemulsions are clear, stable and isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Emulsions and nano emulsions are not thermodynamically stable, compared with microemulsions. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss about the effect of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant on the microemulsions.