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This paper traces the development of interference regulations from the original requirement that waves be pure and sharp to the present complex formula for attenuation of spurious emissions. It also shows how different philosophies of regulation developed. In broadcasting, the regulations grew up around the concept of a "protected service area." In the communication service, on the other hand, regulations developed in the direction of limiting the bandwidth and confining emissions within the authorized band. The paper also traces the history of ISM regulation with its philosophy of assigned frequencies on which unlimited radiation is permitted with an associated requirement for severe limitation of radiation on other frequencies. It also discusses the "low-power rules" which establish the conditions under which low-power equipment may be operated without becoming a source of interference. The paper describes briefly the voluntary work in this area by industry, and touches on local regulations concerning interference.

The Seventh Plenary Assembly of the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) was held in London from September 3 through October 7, 1953. Although many members of the Institute may be unfamiliar with the work of this Committee, it may have far-reaching effects upon the progress of radio. The London meeting approved 165 documents, each of them a possible subject for a technical paper. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief outline of the work accomplished in that assembly and to describe briefly the organization and functions of the CCIR.

The paper gives a definition of an automatically controlled as distinguished from a remotely controlled substation, and also analyzes the duties of the attendant in the starting, loading, and shutting down, of apparatus in hand-operated stations. It states that the changes in the conditions of the electric circuit which the attendant observes may also be utilized to operate control relays, and as reliable devices are already available to protect the machines against overload and runaway, his assistance in these matters is no longer necessary. The paper then proceeds on the assumption that converting apparatus should be automatically controlled and that the conditions which have heretofore governed both the design and location of substations can be modified to advantage in many cases. It advocates a reduction in size and an increase in the number of stations and endeavors by example to show the large saving in feeder copper which the proposed arrangement permits. Finally, a description is given of the automatically controlled substations installed on the lines of the Elgin & Belvidere Electric Railroad.

The Television Allocations Study Organization was established by the television industry in September, 1956, at the request of the Federal Communications Commission, to make a thorough analysis of the engineering aspects of problems relating to the television broadcast allocations. This paper relates the needs underlying the request and gives a brief history of television allocations, culminating in the events leading to the formation of TASO.