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Owing to the advantages of high efficiency, high energy density, electrical isolation, low electromagnetic interference (EMI) and harmonic pollution, magnetic integration, wide output ranges, low voltage stress, and high operation frequency, the LLC resonant converters are widely used in various sectors of the electronics-based industries. The history and development of the LLC resonant converters are presented, their advantages are analyzed, three of the most popular LLC resonant converter topologies with detailed assessments of their strengths and drawbacks are elaborated. Furthermore, an important piece of research on the industrial applications of the LLC resonant converters is conducted, mainly including electric vehicle (EV) charging, photovoltaic systems, and light emitting diode (LED) lighting drivers and liquid crystal display (LCD) TV power supplies. Finally, the future evolution of the LLC resonant converter technology is discussed.

An ultra-high frame rate and high spatial resolution ion-sensing Lab-on-Chip platform using a 128 × 128 CMOS ISFET array is presented. Current mode operation is employed to facilitate high-speed operation, with the ISFET sensors biased in the triode region to provide a linear response. Sensing pixels include a reset switch to allow in-pixel calibration for non-idealities such as offset, trapped charge and drift by periodically resetting the floating gate of the ISFET sensor. Current mode row-parallel signal processing is applied throughout the readout pipeline including auto-zeroing circuits for the removal of fixed pattern noise. The 128 readout signals are multiplexed to eight high-sample-rate on-chip current mode ADCs followed by an off-chip PCIe-based readout system on a FPGA with a latency of 0.15 s. Designed in a 0.35 $\,\boldsymbol {\mu}$ m CMOS process, the complete system-on-chip occupies an area of 2.6 × 2.2 $\text{mm}^2$ with a pixel size of 18 × 12.5 $\,\boldsymbol {\mu}$ $\text{m}^2$ and the whole system achieves a frame rate of 3000 fps which is the highest reported in the literature for ISFET arrays. The platform is demonstrated in the application of real-time ion-imaging through the high-speed visualization of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diffusion in water at 60 fps on screen in addition to slow-motion playback of ion-dynamics recorded at 3000 fps.