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Our eyes do not perceive all colors the same way, being sensitive to changes in some colors more than others. In this work, by taking advantage of this characteristic of the human eye, we propose a chroma processing scheme that reduces the color errors generated by the quantization and subsampling processes in the HDR video delivery pipeline. To this end, our method uses the de-correlated color space of ICtCp and re-distributes chroma code-words in favor of those colors that our eyes are most sensitive to. Performance evaluations have shown that our proposed chroma processing can improve color accuracy of the tested HDR video content by an average of 18.6% and 26.2% in terms of color accuracy compared to that of the 10-bit YCbCr for the 4:4:4 and 4:2:0 formats, respectively. Additionally, subjective evaluations showed that the proposed chroma processing scheme does not negatively affect the overall compression performance while it preserves colors through the quantization and subsampling processes much more accurately than existing methods.

The huge amounts of network traffic generated by the ultra-high-definition video playback of super-large-scale video users results in tremendous pressure for front-haul and back-haul in the 5G network, which brings severely negative influence for the large-scale deployment and scalability of video systems and video delivery performance (e.g. transmission delay and packet loss) related to user quality of experience. The direct D2D communications between mobile devices with adjacent position in geographical area can offloading huge video traffic into the underlying networks, which reduces load of cellular base station in the edge networks and relieves traffic pressure in the core networks. In this paper, we propose a novel Social-Aware D2D Video Delivery Method based on Rapid Sample-Efficient Measurement of Mobility Similarity in 5G Ultra-Dense Network (DMSEM). By investigation for one-hop D2D pair relationship, DMSEM builds a social state transition model of user movement, which makes use of encounter duration and shared video length between encountered users to define the state transition condition. A cluster algorithm of encounter events is proposed, which achieves initial clusters of encounter events by calculating similarity between encounter events from the two aspects of both variation rate of geographical distance between mobile users and encounter duration time. DMSEM makes use of the Fuzzy C-Means to refine the initial clusters and extracts encounter patterns of mobile users. DMSEM designs a sample-efficiency rapid recognition algorithm of encounter pattern, which can use small number of encounter distance samples to achieve fast heuristic recognition of encounter pattern. Extensive tests show how DMSEM achieves better results in comparison with other state-of-the-art solutions in terms of packet loss rate, average freeze time, cache utilization, average bitrate, buffer level and control overhead.

Connected and autonomous vehicles (AVs) will need to communicate significant amounts of data to provide various safety, navigation and infotainment services to consumers. This article discusses the recent technological advances and standardization efforts in Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technologies that are being developed to support the ultra-reliable, low latency, and high throughput required by AVs. The key V2X applications and their communication requirements, with an emphasis on video delivery, are then presented. In conclusion, we highlight the primary challenges of V2X network design, and present several future research directions including the role of network intelligence to facilitate large-scale deployments of V2X applications.

Mobile broadcast/multicast video services have become highly demanded in mobile networks and require effective and low-complexity radio resource management (RRM) strategies. This paper proposes an RRM strategy based on multicast subgrouping and the scalable video coding (SVC) technique for multicast video delivery that focuses on reducing the search space of solutions and optimizes the aggregated data rate (ADR). The results in terms of ADR, spectral efficiency, and fairness among multicast users, along with the low complexity of the algorithm, show that this new scheme is adequate for real systems.

Analog-transmission-based soft video delivery suffers from the leveling-off effect when the allocated channel bandwidth is severely insufficient. Fortunately, with superimposed modulation, it is possible for analog traffic to share bandwidth with digital traffic. In this paper, we design and analyze such a hybrid digital-analog superimposed modulation (HDA-SIM) scheme for soft video delivery. Unlike previous work, we treat the bandwidth of competing digital traffic as hidden resources for the video delivery system. The key problem in this scheme is how to allocate the bandwidth and power resources among various modulation symbols so that we can improve the performance of video delivery without sacrificing the throughput of existing digital traffic. The resource allocation problem is formulated and the optimal solution under any given channel signal-to-noise ratio is derived. Based on the results, the sufficient and necessary condition for the video delivery system to achieve performance gain is given. In addition, we implement the proposed scheme for two state-of-the-art soft video delivery systems known as SoftCast and SharpCast. Both simulations and testbed evaluations show that the HDA-SIM version can achieve significant gains in the received video quality over their original designs.

One of the main challenges for mobile network operators today is the efficient delivery of mobile VoD services. In order to satisfy their requirements, we must revolutionize the way we manage the densely deployed resources in 5G wireless networks, and tailor their operation for video content delivery. Two key approaches that leverage the density of the 5G infrastructure are the systematic usage of in-network storage resources available in BSs for the deployment of smart caching policies, and the video delivery optimization techniques that leverage the novel multi-tier, dense, and heterogeneous structure of 5G systems. We first provide an overview of the main features of the densely deployed 5G networks that are expected to shape mobile VoD services. Next, we present specific solutions that have recently been proposed for each one of the approaches above, and discuss the main lessons learned. Finally, we discuss a number of open problems for video delivery in dense 5G systems.

Despite of the undisputed benefits of the long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) networks, offering support for group-oriented services challenges the evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services (eMBMS) design in LTE-A. This is especially important when delivering video content with high bitrate requirements. The conventional multicast scheme (CMS) is proposed as a radio resource allocation solution for eMBMS to serve all multicast group members with the data rate supported by the receiver with the worst channel conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel radio resource management approach, the device-to-device (D2D)-enhanced CMS with single frequency (D2D-SF). This proposal extends the CMS with additional D2D communications in order to increase the aggregate data rate of the cell, while also maintaining the typical CMS short-term fairness. D2D-SF makes use of one or more mobile subscriber devices as forwarding devices (FD) to retransmit the data received from the base station (BS) over direct local links to other members of the multicast group. The proposed solution supports both high-rate modulation and coding schemes on the downlink from BS to FDs, and reaches cell-edge devices (hence, experiencing worse channel conditions) through high-performing D2D links (improving this experience). Testing shows how the single frequency-based D2D CMS paradigm proposed, complemented by two novel strategies for selecting FDs, achieves significant enhancements of the overall performance when delivering video content compared to both the state-of-the-art multicast solutions and novel solutions that do not employ a single-frequency paradigm.

Various technologies for optimizing video delivery in cellular networks have been presented in the past. QoE-based transport optimizations attempt to look for optimal solutions to provide the best overall user experience for a group of users to leverage constrained network bandwidth. However, the design of these optimizations varies widely. An attractive idea is to deploy these optimizations together and expect more gains. In this article, we describe the interworking of several optimization approaches to analyze the feasibility of one single framework combining different approaches. We provide a first design of the joint framework that best leverages the advantage of each optimization approach.

Continuous media, such as digital movies, video clips, and music, are becoming an increasingly common way to convey information, entertain and educate people. However, limited system and network resources have delayed the widespread usage of continuous media. Most existing on-demand services are not scalable for a large content repository. In this paper, we propose a scalable and inexpensive video delivery scheme, named Scheduled Video Delivery (SVD). In the SVD scheme, users submit requests with a specified start time. Incentives are provided so that users will specify the start times that reflect their real needs. The SVD system combines requests to form the multicasting groups and schedules these groups to meet the deadline. SVD scheduling has a different objective from many existing scheduling schemes. Its focus has been shifted from minimizing the waiting time toward meeting deadlines and at the same time combining requests to form multicasting groups. SVD compliments most existing video delivery schemes as it can be combined with them. It requires much less resources than other schemes. Simulation study for the SVD performance and the comparison to other schemes are presented.

This paper discusses the status of FTTP plans and deployment in the United States and in Japan. An overview of PON standards is provided, along with a discussion of video delivery over a PON network. The choice of a particular technical implementation for PON and video delivery is explained by equipment providers (AFC and Harmonic Inc.) and followed by a discussion of its deployment in Verizon's service provider network. Finally, we review the history and status of FTTP deployments in Japan.

Deployment of a large-scale multimedia streaming application requires an enormous amount of server and network resources. The simplest delivery technique allocates server resources for each specific request. This technique is very expensive and is not scalable to support a very large user community such as the Internet. Hence, the past decade has witnessed tremendous research efforts to facilitate cost-effective, large-scale deployment of multimedia streaming applications. In this paper, we describe three complementary research approaches: server transmission schemes using multicast, streaming strategies with application layer multicast, and proxy caching techniques. We discuss pros and cons of these technologies and provide our observations on current business solutions.

Although different video delivery techniques have been proposed for closed-loop video service, such as batching and patching, the relationship among the system resource requirement, video repository size, and number of clients is not yet well understood. We present a capacity analysis, and a new method - scheduled video delivery - in this article.

A true video-on-demand (VoD) system lets users view any video program, at any time, and perform any VCR-like user interactions. To reduce the per-user video delivery cost, multiple users may be batched and share the same video stream. Existing sharing schemes do not allow true VoD. A new protocol, called Split and Merge (SAM), does allow true VoD. SAM also provides an innovative way to merge these individuals back into the batching streams when they resume normal play mode.

Advantages of a radio-based final drop for video delivery are outlined and spectral availability constraints that lead to the identification of the mm-wave region of the radio spectrum as the most appropriate for this application are discussed. The possibility of simultaneously supporting other broadband services, such as B-ISDN and traffic information systems (IVHS), enhance the attractiveness of a radio link. A large number of antenna units need to be served due to the limited propagation distances achievable at mm-wave frequencies, and therefore, a low-cost generation and delivery method has to be developed. In this paper, alternatives for the optical generation and distribution of mm-wave signals are reviewed and a new method is proposed that eases the bandwidth, and hence the cost, of the required optoelectronic components. An assessment of the relative merits of the methods is given. >