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Drought and salinity, which can alter the water balance, disrupt the ionic equilibrium, and create reactive oxygen species (ROS), are capable of destroying plant tissues. In this study, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used to elucidate various abiotic stress responses. In transcriptional signaling pathways, abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the plant phytohormones that regulate the stress response. On the other hand, several regulons and factors of transcription contributed in the reaction to osmotic stresses, as well as in ABA-dependent/independent signaling pathways. However, the findings display that intricate molecular reaction of plants under stress conditions may be controlled by complicated regulative networks of gene expression and signal transduction, as well as by the interaction between them. From the point of view of proteomics, protein modifications in response to stress can be considered as a molecular tool to improve the resistance of plants to environmental stresses. These studies have provided new information about the significance of several gene and protein networks involved in the response of plants to salinity and drought, and the induction of tolerance. Moreover, identifying the crucial pathways which are involved in salinity and drought resistance can open doors for the establishment of commercial-resistant crop cultivars, and might be very useful in the next-generation crop breeding strategies to produce plants with salinity and drought-resistant traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic stress is one of the major challenges facing crop production globally. Abiotic stress resulting from low temperature is a major limitation to crop production, especially in the temperate regions of the world. Cold stress not only influence crop development and reduce yields, but also curtail the efficient distribution of agricultural products worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance is important for the development of strategies to manage crop loss and improve yield. In this review, we explore the major molecular mechanisms involved in plant cold tolerance, including recent discoveries on interrelated gene networks and regulatory mechanisms for cold stress adaptation in crops. Further, we highlight the role of proteomics in the discovery of proteins involved in key signaling pathways, including late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, antifreeze proteins, cold-regulated proteins, heat shock proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. The role of these proteins, and their relative abundance in physiological-biochemical reactions, are discussed and key candidate proteins for plant genetic enhancement are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought and salinity, which can alter the water balance, disrupt the ionic equilibrium, and create reactive oxygen species (ROS), are capable of destroying plant tissues. In this study, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been used to elucidate various abiotic stress responses. In transcriptional signaling pathways, abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the plant phytohormones that regulate the stress response. On the other hand, several regulons and factors of transcription contributed in the reaction to osmotic stresses, as well as in ABA-dependent/independent signaling pathways. However, the findings display that intricate molecular reaction of plants under stress conditions may be controlled by complicated regulative networks of gene expression and signal transduction, as well as by the interaction between them. From the point of view of proteomics, protein modifications in response to stress can be considered as a molecular tool to improve the resistance of plants to environmental stresses. These studies have provided new information about the significance of several gene and protein networks involved in the response of plants to salinity and drought, and the induction of tolerance. Moreover, identifying the crucial pathways which are involved in salinity and drought resistance can open doors for the establishment of commercial-resistant crop cultivars, and might be very useful in the next-generation crop breeding strategies to produce plants with salinity and drought-resistant traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic stress is one of the major challenges facing crop production globally. Abiotic stress resulting from low temperature is a major limitation to crop production, especially in the temperate regions of the world. Cold stress not only influence crop development and reduce yields, but also curtail the efficient distribution of agricultural products worldwide. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cold stress tolerance is important for the development of strategies to manage crop loss and improve yield. In this review, we explore the major molecular mechanisms involved in plant cold tolerance, including recent discoveries on interrelated gene networks and regulatory mechanisms for cold stress adaptation in crops. Further, we highlight the role of proteomics in the discovery of proteins involved in key signaling pathways, including late embryogenesis-abundant proteins, antifreeze proteins, cold-regulated proteins, heat shock proteins, and pathogenesis-related proteins. The role of these proteins, and their relative abundance in physiological-biochemical reactions, are discussed and key candidate proteins for plant genetic enhancement are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]