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A taxonomic revision of the family Anatomidae from Brazil led to the discovery of nine species, four of which are new. This contrasts with only two species previously recorded: Anatoma aedonia (Watson, 1886) and Anatoma proxima (Dall, 1927). The lectotype designation for A. aedonia by Geiger (2012) has clarified the identity of this taxon, which is now considered a rare species, mainly from deep waters. The holotype of A. proxima is lost (Geiger, 2012), and some very similar taxa occur sympatrically in the western Atlantic; accordingly, we designate here a neotype for Scissurella proxima and redescribe it, re-evaluating its shell variability and radula morphology. The review of a large amount of shells in malacological collections in Brazil, including material from recent dredging along the southeastern coast, revealed the occurrence of seven additional species: Anatoma americana Bandel, 1998, synonymized under A. proxima by Geiger (2012), is herein considered a valid species; Anatoma atlantica (...

A systematic revision on the shallow and abyssal species of Scissurellidae and Anatomidae occurring in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters was carried out. This study is based on material from several field trips and museum collections. The shell morphologies of all the species are redescribed and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. Additional information on the gross anatomy and the radula for seven species is given. A total of six anatomid and seven scissurellid species are recognized as valid in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters, including three new species herein described. Anatomids are represented by the genera Anatoma and Thieleella; the species recognized for the area are: Anatoma conica (d'Orbigny, 1841), characterized by having a globular shell, sculptured with strong axial ribs; Anatoma euglypta (Pelseneer, 1903), has a biconical, delicately cancellate shell; Anatoma shiraseae Numanami & Okutani, 1990, a gradated shell with a distinct spiral ridge on the shoulder and cancellate orna...