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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epigenetic effect in the process of oral carcinogenesis by screening the methylation of repair gene in chronic tobacco smokers. Material and Method: Study design: One hundred male volunteers, divided into two groups: the 1st group consisted of 58 smokers, each consumed 20 cigarettes/day for at least 10 years; and the 2nd group consisted of 48non-smokers who were consider as a control group. The samples were taking from lateral border of the tongue by exfoliative cytology, and the extracted DNA was treated with phenol-chloroform gDNA, Screening of methylation was done by Methyl Specific PCR (MSP). Results: The results of this studyshowed significant effect of tobacco smoking in methylation of MLH1 gene in site 1in comparison to non-smoker group, (P > 0.05), with Odds ratio = 4.957 CI (). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Saliva is the 1st defense fluid with sialic acid is a significant salivary biomarker. It is an acidic sugar with a nine-carbon backbone, able to mediate a wide variety of patho-physiological processes. the study aims at estimate salivary sialic acid in Iraqi children sample and also find out their association with oral health status. Method: Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 100 healthy child, aged 6-13 years for 5-minutes, between 9:00 - 11:00 A.M. gingival index(GI) and Plaque index were measured. According to WHO criteria, the dentition status was examined by dmfs, dmft, DMFS and DMFT. Also, flow rate and the level of salivary sialic acid were estimated. Results: In the present study, a positive correlation coefficient is recorded between the salivary flow rate and age and statistically reach the level of significance. Sialic acid concentration increased with age, but did not reach the level of significant. A male gender showed increase salivary sialic acid level by 0.2 U/L compared to female, but fail to reach the significance GI and DMFs showed a positive association with sialic acid level (R=0.036, R= 0.0053), but it's not reach the significant. While sialic acid level observed that a significant weak inverse liner correlation with other variables like DMFS and PI, (R= -0.082, R= -0.066) The outcomes were exposed to t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, Plaque index, GI, flow rate and the dental caries status were significantly positive correlated with the sialic acid levels in saliva. Conclusion: The salivary factors evaluated in this study may prove to be useful measures for gingival inflammation in children and allow pediatric dentists to target preventive measures appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Visual inspection by conventional oral examination (COE) has been the backbone of oral cancer and precancer detection. More recently, several commercially available diagnostic adjuncts have been developed to aid clinicians in the early detection of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), such as OralCDx, Toluidine coloring, ViziLite machine, Identafi machine, and VELscope. VELscope is a technology based on the principles of autofluorescence mechanism imaging. This device offers in-vivo, real-time, direct visualization of tissue autofluorescence, termed direct visual fluorescent examination (DVFE). It is currently marketed as an oral cancer screening tool to be used with all new and recall dental patients and as an aid for surgeons in tumor margin delineation. Aim of the study :was to obtain auto fluorescent data on variety of histopathologically distinct oral lesions and assessment of direct auto fluorescent examination validity in identifying dysplastic (premalignant) and malignant oral mucosal lesions using VELscope and judgment with histopathological examination. Materials and methods: Routine oral examination of fifty patients having suspicious oral lesions followed by direct autofluorescent examination by VElscope and then histopathological examination. Conclusion : VELscope can be considered as an adjunctive device to enhance the visualization of oral mucosal abnormalities, but not as a tool for risk stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sebaceous glands are normal structures of the skin, but may be ectopically found in the mouth, as oral Fordyce granules. They are located just beneath the overlying epithelium and are visible through the epithelium producing local elevations. It has been suggested that there is a relation between elevated lipid profile and the presence of these granules. Method: A total of 130 individuals were included in this cross-sectional study, who were subjected to the oral examination for the presence & scoring of oral Fordyce granules, then blood samples were taken. Case sheet involved, demographic information and medical history. Using specialized kits, lipids profile analysis was done on a fully automated spectrophotometric analyzer. Results: Fordyce granules were recorded in 25% of cases, with males formed the majority of them. In both gender, lip was the most commonly affected sites. Fordyce granules were observed in one-third of patients with systemic diseases. The majority of cases with Fordyce granules, recoded normal triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL levels, but one-fourth of patients with hyper cholesterol were seen with Fordyce granules. Chi-Square test showed no association between lipid profile & these granules. A negative correlation was found between Fordyce granules number and cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels, although statistically non- significant. Conclusion: Oral Fordyce granules were most frequently observed in the lips, with male gender and older age predilections. The current study did not support the association between oral Fordyce granules and serum lipid profile changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors that developed from lymphocytes. It is of two main types, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a diverse collection of an abnormal growth of lymphoid tissues and prevalence of which increased since three decades. It is varied in the behavior of presentation, response to different modalities treatment and prognosis. It frequently involves not only lymph nodes but also extended to extranodal areas. Aim of study: To study the microbial flora in the oral cavity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy and compare it with that of health looking control subjects. Sixty (60) persons were participated in this study; 30 Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 30 health looking control subjects. Oral microbial isolates were identified and the number of bacteria and yeast in swabs were also estimated for all study subjects. The predominant isolate was Streptococcus spp. in study groups. Pseudomonas spp. was significantly higher percentage in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients compared to health looking control subjects. Mean viable count of oral bacteria and yeast was highly significant in NHL patients (110.05×105 and 33.79×10³ CFU/ml respectively) compared to healthy looking control subjects (43.67×105 and 7.80×10³ CFU/ml respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of study: to measure salivary flow rate, serum and salivary cancer antigen 125 levels in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients in comparison with healthy looking subjects. Sixty (60) subjects were enrolled in this study, they were divided into two groups: Patients group comprised of 30 non-Hodgkin’slymphoma patients; Control group comprised of 30 healthy looking subjects. Saliva collected was measured and levels of serum and salivary cancer antigen 125 were measured at three times intervals; first before received chemotherapy, after received 3 cycles of chemotherapy and after one month post- chemotherapy using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa). Present results showed that the mean salivary flow rate in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients was significantly decrease than in healthy looking subjects, and mean salivary flow rate in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients was highest significant in patient before chemotherapy and lower after received 3 cycles chemotherapy. The result showed also mean serum and salivary cancer antigen 125 in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients was significantly higher than control group. The mean serum and salivary cancer antigen 125 in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients was highest significant in patient before chemotherapy and lower at one month post chemotherapy using ANOVA test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]