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The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is still above WHO standards, so it needs to be addressed immediately, given the adverse effects on individuals and countries. This study aims to analyze the incidence of stunting in East Java by paying attention to the proximity of the area as an effort to solved stunting problems. The study was conducted using secondary data from 2017 from official government agency reports. Administrative area (regency/city) analysis unit. Analysis using spatial regression test. The results show that Moran's I test shows a spatial dependency or location autocorrelation (p <0.20). The Lagrange Multiplier SAR spatial regression test can explain that spatial factors can increase 5% greater (75%) of the 5 selected factors that cause toddler stunting, compared to using the OLS classic regression test. It could be concluded that spatial factors, namely geographic areas, can increase the percentage of clarity in the regression modeling for the incidence of stunting in an area. In this study, spatial factors are known to be associated with regional proximity and ethnic similarity, namely the Madurese ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government encourages maternity care in health facilities to reduce maternal mortality. The study aims to analyze the impact of socioeconomic factors on healthcare facilities' choice for maternity care in Indonesia. The study used secondary data from the official report of the Indonesia Ministry of Health. The study takes all provinces as samples. Moreover, the study used the proportion of maternity care in health facilities as a dependent variable. On the other hand, the research analyzed four other variables as independent variables: percentage of the poor population, percentage of the population having health insurance, literacy percentage of population >15 years, and the unemployment rate for population >15 years. The study analyzed the data using a scatter plot. The study results show the lower the poor population in the province, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that province. The higher the percentage of the population having health insurance in an area, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that area. Meanwhile, the higher the literacy percentage of population >15 years in a province, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that province. Moreover, the higher the unemployment rate for population >15 years in a province, the higher the proportion of maternity care in health facilities in that province. The study concluded that the four independent variables analyzed ecologically were associated with maternity care in health facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) is closely related to the aging process, social development, and increased risk factors. The study aims to analyze the prevalence of NCD among the elderly in Indonesia based on demographic characteristics. The study employed the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey data. The survey used the multi-stage cluster random sampling method; it was a weighted sample of 85,358 elderly. In this analysis, the NCDs prevalence in the elderly includes hypertension, heart disease, bronchial asthma, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke, and cancer determined based on a doctor's diagnosis. The study result shows the prevalence of NCD in the elderly population in Indonesia, most of which are hypertension, mental-emotional disorders, depression, DM, and heart disease. Based on age group, the prevalence of hypertension, mental-health disorders, and depression tends to increase with increasing age, stroke and bronchial asthma are higher in the 70-79. DM and cancer were higher in the 60-69. Heart disease and kidney failure did not differ relatively between age groups. The prevalence of hypertension, mental-emotional disorders, depression, DM, heart disease, and cancer was higher in women. Still, asthma, stroke, and chronic kidney failure tended to be more in men. The study concluded that the most prevalent NCDs among older people in Indonesia were hypertension, mental, emotional disorders, depression, DM, and heart disease. NCDs have demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) is very crucial for the growth and development of toddlers in the future, both physically and mentally. The study aims to analyze factors related to EBF in East Java, Indonesia. The analysis material for the study was the 2017 Indonesian Nutritional Status Monitoring, a cross-sectional survey. In East Java, the study obtained 3977 toddlers using the multi-stage cluster random sampling process. The study used binary Logistic Regression tests to interpret the data. The results show for toddlers living in cities have a 0.951 times lower probability of experiencing EBF than toddlers residing in rural areas. Toddler age (in months) is one of the determinants of EBF. All categories of maternal marital status are more likely than mothers who are never married to having an EBF toddler. All maternal education levels have a better chance than mothers who have no education to have EBF children. Except for mothers in the senior high school category, which has no significant relationship with the incidence of EBF in children under five in East Java, Indonesia. The study also found toddler's age associated with the incidence of EBF in children under five in East Java, Indonesia. Finally, the toddler boy has a probability of 0.943 times compared to the toddler girl to experience EBF in East Java in Indonesia. The study concluded that six variables were related to the incidence of EBF in East Java - Indonesia, namely residence, mother's age, mother's marital, mother's education, toddler's age, and toddler's gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diarrhea is still a problem in East Java in Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the ecological relationship between sanitation access and health behavior with diarrhea prevalence in East Java, Indonesia. The research conducted the ecological analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. The study takes all regencies/cities in East Java Provinces as samples. Apart from the diarrhea prevalence in children underfive, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were access and clean water sources, the percentage of coverage of access to healthy latrines, the proportion of proper handwashing behavior, and the proportion of defecating behavior in healthy latrines. The study analyzed data using a scatter plot. The study results found that the higher the percentage of coverage of access and clean water source in regency/city, the lower the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five in that regency/city. The higher the percentage of access to healthy latrines in a region, the lower the majority of diarrhea in children under five. Meanwhile, the higher the proper handwashing behavior proportion in an area, the lower the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five in that area. Moreover, the higher the proportion of defecating behavior in healthy latrines in a region, the lower the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five. The study concluded that sanitation access and health behavior were related to the diarrhea prevalence in children underfive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undernutrition due to inappropriate feeding practices for children increases morbidity. Breastfeeding is considered the most important in a baby's growth and development. Breastfeeding started within one hour of birth and was maintained exclusively for the first six months until one year of age or more to obtain optimal benefits. The study aims to determine the ecological relationship between undernutrition in 2-year-old infant and breastfeeding practice in Indonesia. This study is based on environmental analysis using a report of the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. The dependent variable was the prevalence of undernutrition in 2-yearold infant. Besides, the independent variables were four optimum breastfeeding practices. The analysis used bivariate analysis with scatter plot in statistic application. The study results show. The higher the proportion of early initiation of breastfeeding in a province, the lower the levels of undernutrition in children aged two years in that province. The higher the ratio of starting to breastfeed less than one hour in an area, the lower the undernutrition levels in children aged two years in that area. On the other side, the higher the proportion of the mother giving all colostrum in a province, the lower the undernutrition levels in children aged two years in Indonesia in that province. The higher the proportion of still being breastfed 0-23 months in a region, the lower the undernutrition levels in children aged two years in that region. The study concluded that optimal breastfeeding practices negatively affect the levels of undernutrition in children aged two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian government is encouraging childbirth in healthcare to reduce maternal mortality in Indonesia, which is still high. This study aims to conduct an ecological analysis related to the factors that affect Indonesia’s healthcare childbirth. The research conducted the ecological analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. The study takes all provinces as samples. Apart from the proportion of healthcare childbirth, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were the proportion of antenatal care 1st visit, the proportion of antenatal care 4th visit, the ratio of health center per district, and the hospital per 100,000 population ratio. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot. The study results found a tendency for the proportion of healthcare childbirth to be lower in the eastern than other Indonesia regions. The study also found that the higher the antenatal care 1st visit in a province, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that province. Meanwhile, the higher the antenatal care 4th visit in a region, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that region. The higher the ratio of health centers per district in a province, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that province. Moreover, the higher ratio of health centers per district in an area, the higher the proportion of healthcare childbirth in that area. The study concluded that four independent variables were analyzed ecologically related to healthcare childbirthin Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measles is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability in children under two years worldwide. The study aimed to analyze factorsassociatedwiththe second dose of measles immunization in children under two years in 2019 in Indonesia. The study carried out the ecological analysis using secondary data from the 2019 Indonesian Health Profile. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reported that in 2019. The study takes 34 provinces as samples. The dependent variable is the coverage of the second dose of measles immunization in children under two years. The independent variable isthe ratio of primary health centers per district by province, the percentage of primary health centers with sufficient nurses, and the percentage of primary health centers with enough midwives. The results showed that three variables tended to be related to the second dose of measles immunization in childrenunder two years. The three variables consist of theratio of primary health centerper district, percentage of the primary health center with sufficient nurses, and percentage of the primary health center with enough midwives. The study concluded that the three independent variables analyzed tended to correlate with the coverage of the second dose of measles immunization in children under two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underweight, have an impact on low cognitive, productivity, and intellectual abilities in children. This study aimed to analyze ecologically the factors related to underweight among children under two years in Indonesia.The study conducted using secondary data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health official report. Apart from the prevalence of underweight in children under two years, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were the percentage of population passing Junior High School, poor population, exclusive breastfeeding, and prevalence of low birth weight.Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation. The results showed there was no relationship between the prevalence of underweight in children under two years with the percentage of population passing Junior High School and the percentage of poor population. Meanwhile, there is a positive relationship between the prevalence of low birth weight with the prevalence of underweight in children under two years. The higher the prevalence of low birth weight, the higher the prevalence of underweight in children under two years. Moreover, the study found the higher the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding, the lower the prevalence of underweight in children under two years in a region. The study concluded that ecologically two variables have an ecological relationship with the prevalence of underweight in children under two years, namely the prevalence of low birth weight and the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of hypertension shows an increasingly high trend these days. The aim study at analyzing ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia. The ecological analysis conducted using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. The study takes all provinces as samples. Apart from the prevalence of hypertension, seven other variables analyzed as independent variables were physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking behavior, fruits/vegetable consumption, salty food consumption, obesity, and central obesity. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot. The results show that the higher the population with sufficient physical activity, the lower the prevalence of hypertension. The higher the population proportion who smoke every day and the population proportion that does not consume fruits/vegetables every day, the higher the prevalence of hypertension. Moreover, the more increased the population proportion consuming salty food ≥1 time per day, the majority of the adult population (age>18 years old) who are obese, the more high the prevalence of hypertension. Finally, the more heightened the people prevalence aged>15 years old who have central obesity, the more elevated the prevalence of hypertension. The authors concluded that six variables were proven ecologically related to the majority of hypertension in Indonesia.The author recommends policymakers use the study results for related health programs to improve and prevent them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors related to the prevalence of heart disease in Indonesia, including the percentage of obesity;of dailysmokers;and of people not getting enough physical activity and having a habit of eating fat-and cholesterol-richfoods and fried foods≥ one time/day. The study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey. Meanwhile, the researchersobtained samplesfrom all provinces. Bivariate data used a scatter plot with SPSS 25 software. The results showed that the higher the percentage of obesity in a region, the higher the prevalence of heart disease in that province; the higher the rate of daily smokers in a region, the higher the prevalence ofheart disease in that province; the higher the percentage of the population with less physical activity in an area, the higher the prevalence of heart disease in that province; and the higher the percentage of peoplein the habit of eating fat- and cholesterol-rich foods and fried foods≥ one time/dayin an area, the higher the prevalence of heart disease in that province. This study concluded that the four independent analyzed variables hadan excellent relationship with the prevalence of heart disease in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is a dangerous disease and often causes complications. The study aims to analyze ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia. The study was designed with an ecological analysis approach, using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey covering all provinces as samples. The dependent variable is the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The independent variable is the prevalence of obesity nutritional status according to BMI in the adult population (aged >18 years), the proportion of less physical activity in the population aged >10years, the proportion of sweet drink consumption habits in the population >3 years old more than once per day and the percentage of poor people. Data were analyzed using the scatter plot. The results showed that the higher the prevalence of obesity nutritional status according to BMI in the adult population, the higher the proportion of less physical activity, and the higher the proportion of sweet drink consumption habits in the population more than once per day, the higher the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Conversely, the higher the percentage of poor people, the lower the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The study concluded that the four independent variables tested tend to relate to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is one of the significant causes of disability and death worldwide and is classified as a catastrophic disease in Indonesia. The study aims to analyze ecologically the factors related to theprevalence of stroke in Indonesia. The authors conduct a research using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey that used all the provinces as samples. Apart from theprevalence of stroke, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were diabetes mellitus, theprevalence of hypertension, theprevalence of obesity, and the percentage of the population with alcohol consumptionin the past month. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot.The study results found thatthe higher the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity in a province, the higher the prevalence of stroke. However, the higher the population percentage with alcohol consumption, the lower the prevalence of stroke in that province. The three variables, which are the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, were positively related to the prevalence of stroke in Indonesia. The population percentage with alcohol consumption was negatively associated with the majorityof stroke in Indonesia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have found that the potential loss of pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively high. The study aimed at analyzing ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. Methods: Ecological analysis conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. All provinces take as samples. Apart from pulmonary tuberculosis, five other variables analyzed as independent variables were smokers’ percentage and adequate ventilation. Percentage of proper lighting, the rate of poor people, and the portion of the population completing primary education. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot. Results: The study results found that the higher the percentage of smokers in a province, the higher the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The higher the percentage of adequate ventilation in an area, the lower the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The higher the rate of sufficient lighting in a province, the lower the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Meanwhile, the higher the percentage of poor people in a region, the higher the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Finally, the higher the portion of the population completing primary education in a province, the lower the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: It concluded five independent variables analyzed were related to Indonesia’s prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increase in COVID-19 cases demands hospitalpreparedness in handling COVID-19 to provide quality services by prioritizing patient safety and health personnel factors. The purpose of this study is to analyze hospital preparedness in providing COVID-19 services comprehensively. Method: The study is a cross-sectional design. The research objects are public, private, and police hospitals. The review usesthe checklist from the CDC.Observation and interviews with hospital leaders carried out data collection. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result: From the results of filling out theinventory, the preparedness of public, private, and police hospitals in Banjarmasin was low on average. In detail, it showedaverage scores that publichospital(2.83), privatehospital(2.70), and Policehospital(2.63). Police hospital is better prepared than the private and public hospital. Public and private hospitals have the lowest scores on the written COVID-19 Development of written COVID-19 Plan component. Meanwhile, the Police hospital had the lowest scores on consumable and durable medical equipment and supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incidencesregarding patient safety still occur,and not all are reported to the Hospital Patient Safety Committee. The aim studyto analyze the employee relationship influences the work unit staff’s intention in implementingthe patient safety program—the study was conducted bythe quantitative design of observational analytics and through a cross-sectional staff approach. The research sites includedSidoarjo Regional Hospital, Anwar Medika Sidoarjo Hospital, and Ahmad Yani Surabaya Islamic Hospital. The research collects data during May–July 2019. The variables consist of employee relationship as the independent variable and intention as the dependent variable. The results show that the development stage’s employee relationship was broadly establishing (46.51%), whereas, for the relationship stage, it was a majority of trusts (72.09%). The source intention stage was mostly personal intention(62.79%), and at the intention level, most of the distal intention was 84.88%. The leadership type affects theworking unit staff’s discretionto implement patient safety programs in hospitals, with employee relationships as a variable mediator.The study concluded that the employee relationships had a significant influence on the working unit staff’s intention in hospitals to carry out patient safety programs. However,employee relationships affect the work unit staff’s intention to carry out the patient safety program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the catastrophic diseases with the most considerable absorption of costs in the National Health Insurance-Indonesian Health Card (JKN-KIS) program. The study aimed at analyzing ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia.The research carried out ecological analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018. The study sampled all provinces. Apart from cancer, five other variables analyzed as independent variables were the percentage of preserved meat/chicken/fish, the percentage of fatty/cholesterol/fried foods, the percentage of e-cigarette smokers, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of hypertension. Data were analyzed using scatter plots.The study results found that the higher the percentage of preserved meat/chicken/fish food consumption habits in a province, the higher the prevalence of cancer. The higher the rate of fatty/cholesterol/fried food consumption in an area, the higher the prevalence of cancer. Likewise, the higher the percentage of e-cigarette smokers in a province, the higher the prevalence of cancer. The higher the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in an area, the higher the prevalence of cancer. Finally, the higher the prevalence of hypertension in a province, the higher the prevalence of cancer. The studyconcluded that the five independent variables analyzed are related to the majority of cancer in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The danger of tobacco use to health has been globally known. However, its prevalence especially in developing countries including Indonesia remains high.This study aims to investigate determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. These age groups are essential since most regular smokers initiated to smoke at these ages. Methods: This study utilized IFLS wave 5 data. A total of 7213 responses on tobacco use from respondents age 15-24 years old were taken into analysis. Association between tobacco use with sociodemographic, religious, and ethnic identity was determined by using binary logistic regression. Results: Prevalence of tobacco use was 25.1%. The fully adjusted model showed factors that associated with tobacco use were age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, having smoking parents, and Madurese ethnicity. Conclusion:Tobacco use was prevalent among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Madurese was the only ethnic group associated with tobacco consumption in Indonesia. Appropriate design of interventions, therefore, is needed to target these subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that the cost of chronic kidney disease is relatively high. This study aims to ecologically analyze the factors relatedto the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Indonesia. The research conduct ecological analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. The study takes all provinces as samples. Apart from chronic kidney disease, four other variables analyzed as independent variables were the adherence to taking antihypertensive drugs, dedication to taking anti-diabetic drugs/injections, a habit of drinking soft drinks > 1 time/day, a habit of drinking energy drinks> 1 time/day. Data were analyzed usinga scatter plot. The results showed that the higher the percentage of adherence to taking antihypertensive drugs in a province, the higher the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. The higher the percentage of commitment to taking anti-diabetes medications/injections in a section, the lower the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. The higher the rate of drinking soft drinks>1 timea day, the higher the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. The higher the percentage of regular drinking energy drinks>1 timea day, the higher the prevalence of chronic kidney disease.The study concluded that five independent variables analyzed were related to Indonesia's prevalence of chronic kidney diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to analyze descriptive statistics of the prevalence of hypertension among the elderly in Indonesia. The data derived from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. The analysis was performed statistically descriptive. The analysis was carried out with a sample of 58,666elderly. The results show that the prevalence of hypertension based on doctor's diagnosis was 32.6%, the highest in the age group ≥80 years (37.4%), higher in women (36.9%), and the richest elderly (34.4%). The prevalence of hypertension among elderly people in Indonesia who are currently taking antihypertension drugs was 89.2%, tends to be higher in urban (89.6%) and women (89.4%), better education (92.3%), the richest (90.7%). The proportion of routinely taking hypertension medication in the elderly population with hypertension in Indonesia was 58.9% routine, 30.3% non-routine, and 10.1% not taking medication. The highest proportion of elderly with hypertension who regularly took medication was in the 60-69 age group (59.1%), lived in urban (62.8%), and male (59.1%). It was concluded that the hypertension prevalence among elderly people in Indonesia was dominated by the ≥80 age group and the female elderly. More than half of the elderly adhere to taking hypertension medication routinely according to doctor's instructions, the highest in the 60-69 age group, and more among male elderly. The prevalence of hypertension tends to be higher among the elderly who live in urban and increases with the better of education and better wealth status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postnatal care is very crucial in the postnatal period because it is a critical period for babies. This study aims to analyze the factors related to postnatal care utilization (1st neonatal visits) in Indonesia. The ecological analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. All provinces were taken as samples. Apart from postnatal care utilization, 5 other variables analyzed as independent variables were the ANC 1st visit, ANC 4th visits, poverty depth index, percentage of health centers with sufficient midwives, and the ratio of gynecologist per 100,000 population. The results show there was a tendency for a positive relationship between ANC 1st visit and 1st neonatal visit. The higher the ANC 1st visit coverage, the higher the 1st neonatal visit coverage (p = 0.034). Meanwhile, there was also a trend towards a positive relationship between the ANC 1st visit and the 1st neonatal visit. The higher the coverage of the ANC 4th visit, the higher the coverage of the 1st neonatal visit (p = 0.040). Moreover, poverty depth index, percentage of health centers with sufficient midwives, and the ratio of gynecologist per 100,000 population were found to have no significant correlation with 1st neonatal visits. It could be concluded that from the 5 independent variables analyzed, 2 variables were proven to be ecologically positively related to postnatal care utilization (1st neonatal visit), namely ANC 1st visit and ANC 4th visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policies that encourage maternity care to health care facilities are an important effort to reduce maternal mortality rates. This study aims to analyze the factors related to maternity care coverage in Indonesia. The ecological analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. All provinces were taken as samples. In addition to coverage of childbirth in health care facilities as the dependent variable, there were 6 independent variables analyzed in this study, namely percentage of poor families, a ratio of primary health care/100,000 population, a ratio of hospital/100,000 population, a ratio of gynecologist/100,000 population, a ratio of midwife/100,000 population, and coverage of health insurance ownership. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation. The results show the percentage of poor families tends to have a negative relationship with maternity care coverage. Besides, four other variables were found to tend to have a positive relationship with maternity care coverage, namely the ratio of primary health care/100,000 population, the ratio of hospital/100,000 population, the ratio of gynecologist/100,000 population, and coverage of health insurance ownership. Meanwhile, the ratio of the midwife/100,000 population was found to have no relationship with maternity care coverage in Indonesia. It was concluded that 5 variables show the tendency of the relationship with maternity care coverage in health care facilities in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is a degenerative disease that is often found in conjunction with other degenerative diseases. The study was aimed at analyzing ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia. The study was conducted using secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. All provinces were taken as samples. Apart from the prevalence of hypertension, 4 other variables analyzed as independent variables were the prevalence of obesity, the percentage of the population with less physical activity, the percentage of daily smokers, and the percentage of the population with salty food consumption habits ≥ 1 per day. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot. The results of the study found that the higher the prevalence of obesity in a province, the higher the prevalence of hypertension in that province. The higher the percentage of the population with less physical activity in a province, the higher the prevalence of hypertension in that province. The higher the percentage of daily smokers in a province, the higher the prevalence of hypertension in that province. The higher the percentage of the population with salty food consumption habits ≥ 1 per day, the higher the prevalence of hypertension in that province. It was concluded that the four independent variables analyzed ecologically were positively related to the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female workers are one of the vulnerable groups during childbirth. The study is aimed at analyzing the barrier to access health insurance for maternity care among female workers in Indonesia. The samples employed were female worker in childbearing age who had given birth in the last 5 years. The sample size was 18,061 female workers. The variables analyzed included health insurance, healthcare childbirth, type of place of residence, age, education, employment, marital, parity, wealth, know the danger signs of pregnancy, and antenatal care. Determination of determinant by the binary logistic regression. The research results show that female workers who perform maternity care in non-healthcare facilities have 1,142 times the possibility of having health insurance than female workers who perform maternity care in healthcare facilities. It was found that the younger you are, the more likely you are not to have health insurance. Meanwhile, the lower the education and the poorer the female worker, the higher the possibility of not having health insurance. Married female workers have 0.531 times the chance of having health insurance compared to divorced/ widowed female workers. Finally, a female worker that doesn't know the danger signs of pregnancy has 1,076 times the chance of having health insurance than the richest female worker that knows the danger signs of pregnancy. It was concluded that 7 barriers to access health insurance among female workers in Indonesia, namely doing maternity care in non-healthcare facilities, younger age, poor education, single (never in union/divorced/widowed), poor, and don't know the danger signs of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Java Province has a high prevalence of stunted. The study aimed to analyze the factors associated with stunted in East Java Province. The study was conducted using secondary data sourced from the 2019 East Java Province Health Profile report. The study was designed with an ecological analysis approach. All 38 regencies/cities in East Java Province were analyzed. Apart from the prevalence of stunted toddlers as the dependent variable, 4 other variables were analyzed as independent variables, namely the coverage of toddler health services, Universal Child Immunization (UCI) village coverage, coverage of families accessing healthy latrines, and percentage of samples of drinking water facilities that meet the requirements. The results showed that the trend of regencies/cities with low coverage of toddler health services has a high prevalence of stunted toddlers. There was a tendency for regencies/cities that have a higher level of immunization coverage which tends to have a lower percentage of stunted toddlers. Meanwhile, the trend of regencies/cities that have better coverage of families accessing healthy latrines has a lower prevalence of stunted toddlers. Finally, regencies/cities with a high percentage of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding have the lowest prevalence of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding. It could be concluded that there is a tendency for a negative relationship between the independent variables analyzed and the prevalence of stunted toddlers. The higher the coverage on the independent variable, the lower the tendency for the coverage percentage to be stunted in East Java Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite having carried out maternity care in healthcare facilities, neonatal deaths still occur. A study was conducted to analyze the effect of antenatal care (ANC) on neonatal death incidence in healthcare facilities in Indonesia. The study used the 2017 IDHS data. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 13.104 women aged 15-49 years with live births in the last 5 years, who performed maternity care in the healthcare facility, were sampled. Apart from ANC, other independent variables analyzed were a type of place, age, education, wealth, employment, parity, and complication during pregnancy. The final stage employed a binary logistic regression test. The analysis found that women who made complete ANC visits during pregnancy (≥4 times) were 0.486 times more likely than women who did not complete ANC visits (<4 times) (OR 0.486; 95% CI 0.266-0.887). The results of this analysis inform that carrying out a complete ANC visit is a protective factor for women who perform maternity care in healthcare facilities in Indonesia from neonatal death incidence. Apart from ANC, 2 variables were also found to have a significant effect on neonatal death incidence in healthcare facilities in Indonesia. These two variables are the age group and complications during pregnancy. Meanwhile, education level, wealth status, employment status, and parity proved insignificant. It was concluded that ANC is a determinant of neonatal death incidence in the healthcare facility in Indonesia. Complete ANC visits are a protective factor for women who perform maternity care in healthcare facilities in Indonesia from neonatal death incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite having carried out maternity care in healthcare facilities, neonatal deaths still occur. A study was conducted to analyze the effect of antenatal care (ANC) on neonatal death incidence in healthcare facilities in Indonesia. The study used the 2017 IDHS data. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 13.104 women aged 15-49 years with live births in the last 5 years, who performed maternity care in the healthcare facility, were sampled. Apart from ANC, other independent variables analyzed were a type of place, age, education, wealth, employment, parity, and complication during pregnancy. The final stage employed a binary logistic regression test. The analysis found that women who made complete ANC visits during pregnancy (≥4 times) were 0.486 times more likely than women who did not complete ANC visits (<4 times) (OR 0.486; 95% CI 0.266-0.887). The results of this analysis inform that carrying out a complete ANC visit is a protective factor for women who perform maternity care in healthcare facilities in Indonesia from neonatal death incidence. Apart from ANC, 2 variables were also found to have a significant effect on neonatal death incidence in healthcare facilities in Indonesia. These two variables are the age group and complications during pregnancy. Meanwhile, education level, wealth status, employment status, and parity proved insignificant. It was concluded that ANC is a determinant of neonatal death incidence in the healthcare facility in Indonesia. Complete ANC visits are a protective factor for women who perform maternity care in healthcare facilities in Indonesia from neonatal death incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several previous studies have found that women are more susceptible to psychosocial burden than men. The study was aimed at analyzing the influence of having a husband/partner on the psychosocial burden of COVID-19 among women in Indonesia. The study involved 5,061 women collected through a rapid online survey. The psychosocial burden was reviewed based on worries level on 5 aspects of daily life, namely economic, religious, educational, employment, and social aspects. Four independent variables were included in the analysis, including husband/partner ownership, age group, education level, and employment status. A multivariate test using the binary logistic regression was done at the final stage. The results show that women who have a husband/partner have a risk of 1.377 times compared to women who do not have husbands/partners to experience worries. Women in the 40-49 age group had 0.630 times the risk of women with ≤ 19 age groups to experience worries. Meanwhile, women with the ≥ 50 age groups had a 0.327 times risk than women with the ≤ 19 age groups for experiencing worries. Women with higher education have a risk of 0.610 times compared to women with secondary education for experiencing worries. It could be concluded that having a soulmate is a risk factor for women to experience the psychosocial burden of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The analysis also found that younger age and lower education were risk factors for women to experience the psychosocial burden of COVID-19 in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer patients need coping mechanisms to adapt to changes due to breast cancer. The constructive coping mechanism is very influential on the attitude, response, decision making towards breast cancer management, and quality of life. The study aimed to determine the determinants of coping mechanisms of breast cancer patients in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia. The sample size was 98 breast cancer patients. The variables analyzed included coping mechanism, age, educational, marital, work, time diagnosed, genetic, stage of cancer, therapy, social support, and spiritual need. The results found that breast cancer patients with higher education had a 51.200 times chance compared to breast cancer patients with no education to have adaptive coping mechanisms. Therapy for breast cancer patients has a positive effect on adaptive coping mechanisms. Social support has a positive influence on breast cancer patients to have an adaptive coping mechanism. The higher the social support provided, the more adaptive coping mechanism is for breast cancer patients. Tree variables have proven to be significant as determinants of coping mechanisms among breast cancer patients in the Sidoarjo Regency, namely education, therapy, and social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MMR data in Indonesia fluctuates according to the data source used. Based on Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data, MMR in Indonesia in 1990 was 390 per 100,000 live births, in 2004/2007 it was 228/100,000 live births, then increased sharply in 2008-2012 by 359/100,000 live births. Whereas based on the 2015 SUPA data, MMR in Indonesia decreased by 305 per 100,000 per live birth. This study aims to analyze the barrier to ≥4 ANC visits during pregnancy. The analysis uses the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data. Stratification and multistage random sampling method get 15,351 respondents. Barrier determination was done using Binary Logistic Regression. The barriers consisted of the following variables: young age, low education, high parity, poverty, not having health insurance, not being able to read, not being exposed to the media, never using the internet, not knowing the danger signs of pregnancy, and belief in traditional birth attendants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female worker mothers have a greater risk of neonatal death during childbirth. The study aimed to analyze the risk factors for neonatal death among female worker mothers in Indonesia. The study used data of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 18,061 female worker mothers aged 15-49 years old with live births in the last 5 years were sampled. The final analyzed using a binary logistic regression test. The results of the study found that female worker mothers with the wealth status of the poorer category had 0.738 times the probability of experiencing neonatal death compared to the poorest. Female worker mothers with wealth status in the middle category have a probability of 0.702 times compared to the poorest to experience neonatal death. Meanwhile, the richest female worker mothers had a probability of 0.662 times compared to the poorest to experience neonatal death. Meanwhile, female worker mothers who made ANC visits ≥4 times had a probability of 0.331 times compared to female worker mothers who made ANC visits <4 times. It could be concluded that there were 2 factors which are the risk factors for neonatal death among female worker mothers in Indonesia, namely poverty and ANC visits <4 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking behavior in women has a risk of fertility problems, the reproductive system, and many other health problems. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of education level on smoking behavior among female workers in Indonesia. The samples used were a female worker. The sample size was 51,815 respondents. Apart from education, other independent variables analyzed were the place of residence, age, marital, wealth, and pregnant status. Determination of determinant by binary logistic regression. The results of the study informed that female workers with primary education were 0.456 times more likely than no education to become smokers. Female workers with secondary education are 0.428 times more likely than no education to become smokers. Female workers with higher education are 0.219 times more likely than no education to become smokers. The results of this analysis indicate that the higher the education level, the lower the possibility of female workers becoming smokers. Apart from the education level, 4 other variables were also found as predictors of smoking behavior among female workers, namely the place of residence, age, wealth, and pregnant status. It was concluded that the education level was a predictor of smoking behavior among female workers in Indonesia. The higher the education level, the lower the possibility of female workers becoming smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female workers are a vulnerable group in Indonesia because in addition to working to help their husbands earn a living, they also still have to be responsible for domestic affairs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the level of education on the incidence of LBW in female workers in Indonesia. The analysis uses the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data. Stratification and multistage random sampling method get 18,061 female workers as respondents. The final stage was done using binary logistic regression. The results found that there was no difference between primary education female workers and no education female workers at the risk of giving birth to LBW babies. Secondary education female workers have a 0.561 times chance compared to no education female workers to give birth to LBW babies. Meanwhile, higher education female workers have a possibility of 0.414 times compared to no education female workers to give birth to LBW babies. Apart from the education level, the results of the analysis also found two other variables as predictors of LBW among female workers, namely wealth status and ANCvisits. It was concluded that the education level is a predictor of LBW among female workers in Indonesia. The higher the education level, the lower the possibility of female workers to have LBW babies in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychosocial burden as a result of the risk of decreasing income and the possibility of being laid off from work is a problem that must be faced by workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was aimed at analyzing predictors of psychosocial burden among workers during the co-19 pandemic period. A total of 6,053 worker respondents were involved in this study. The psychosocial burden was reviewed based on the worries level. There were 4 independent variables involved in the analysis, including age, gender, marital, and education. A multivariate test was performed using binary logistic regression. The results found that the workers in the ≤ 19 age group were 1.900 times more likely than the≥ 50 age group to experience a psychosocial burden. The workers in the 40-49 age group were 1.523 times more likely than the ≥50 age group. Male workers were 0.693 times more likely than female workers to experience a psychosocial burden. The higher education workers were 0.563 times more likely than workers with secondary education. It could be concluded that the 3 variables were proven as predictors of the psychosocial burden among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Indonesia, namely age, gender, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The border area is one area that needs government attention. The study was aimed at analyzing disparities in hospital use in Kalimantan based on the border-non-border area category. The study was conducted using data from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Survey. With the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 69,043 respondents were obtained. In the final stage, a Multinomial Logistic Regression test was performed to determine any disparities. The study results found that the utilization of inpatient at the hospital for those living in the border area has a probability of utilization of 0.653 times compared to those who live in non-border areas. Those who live in the border have a lower chance than those who live in non-border areas of using inpatient hospital. The results of the study also found 8 other predictors that influence hospital utilization among adults in Kalimantan Island, Indonesia. The eight predictors are the type of place of residence, marital, education, work type, socioeconomic, health insurance, travel time, and transportation cost. It could be concluded that there was a disparity in hospital utilization in the border-non-border areas in Kalimantan Island, Indonesia. Those living in border areas have a lower likelihood of inpatient utilization than those living in non-border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies inform that early marriage is correlated with several situations, including socioeconomic status, cultural wisdom, religious values, education, and internet access. The study was aimed at analyzing the effect of education level on women's risk of early marriage in rural areas in Indonesia. The study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. There were 2,252 women aged 19-24 years in a rural area in Indonesia who was taken as a sample. The variables analyzed included early marriage, education level, wealth status, and employment status. The final stage was used as a binary logistic regression test to determine the risk factors. The result found that women who have secondary education have a risk of 0.396 times compared to women who have primary education to experience an early marriage (OR 0.396; 95% CI 0.309-0.506). Women who have a higher education have a risk of 0.091 times compared to women who have primary education to experience an early marriage (OR 0.091; 95% CI 0.059-0.140). This finding informs that the education level was a determinant of the incidence of early marriage among women in rural Indonesia. The lower the education of a woman in a rural area, the higher the risk of experiencing an early marriage. It could be concluded that a low level of education is a risk factor for women's early marriage in rural areas in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, the largest number of malaria cases was contributed to by Eastern Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the predictors of malaria incidence in rural Eastern Indonesia. This study analyzes the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey data. In the final stage binary logistic regression was used to determine the incidence of malaria incidence in 86,382 respondents. Variables analyzed included malaria incidence, regional/province, age, gender, educational level, work type, marital status, wealth status, and health insurance. The analysis found that people who lived in rural Maluku and rural North Maluku had a lower risk of experiencing malaria than those who lived in rural areas of East Nusa Tenggara. People in rural West Papua and rural Papua have a higher risk than those who live in rural East Nusa Tenggara. Men were 1.107 times more likely than women to have malaria incidence. People with primary school education were 1.237 times more likely to develop malaria than those without education. People with a college education were 1.440 times more likely to develop malaria than those without education. People who have a wealth of poorer status are 0.804 times more likely to have malaria than those who are poorest. People who have the richest wealth status are 0.851 times more likely to have malaria than those who are the poorest. There were 4 variables that have proven to be significant as predictors of incidence in rural Eastern Indonesia, namely regional/province, gender, education, and wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the overall assessment, Indonesia has anticipated the epidemy of HIV/AIDS. However, the number of HIV/AIDS cases in Tulungagung District has increased a bit massively year by year. The total cases of HIV/AIDS from 2006 to 2018 were 2320 cases. In the last three years, the number had an increase of 295 cases, 324 cases, and 431 cases in 2016, 2017, and 2018 respectively. The high number of HIV/AIDS cases showed that some obstacles still exist to combat the HIV/AIDS in Tulungagung District. To identify the constraints as the basis of formulating strategies for the HIV/AIDS in Tulungagung District. We used a qualitative and descriptive method with an in-depth interview. Based on the in-depth interview, the inhibiting factors for HIV/AIDS prevention are divided into 3 factors. First, HIV/AIDS patients are still closed and reluctant to do medical check-ups and treatment in health facilities. Second, in terms of health care, health personnel still think that HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease that they keep away. Third, from society's perspective, the social stigma about HIV/AIDS sufferers often exists. By knowing the obstacles that occur in Tulungagung District, the right strategy can be made to accelerate HIV/AIDS prevention in Tulungagung District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marital status has a special meaning for pregnant women in Indonesia. A woman who is pregnant without a husband is a disgrace. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of marital status on completeness of antenatal care (ANC) visits among childbearing age women in rural Indonesia. The research utilizes the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data. The unit of analysis for women aged 15-49 years old in rural Indonesia. The sample size of 7,783 women. The dependent variable was ANC visits. The independent variable was marital status, education level, parity, wealth status and health insurance. Analysis using Binary Logistic Regression for the final test. The results of the analysis found that married women have 1.834 times higher probability than no spouse women to make complete ANC visits. While women living with partners found no significant differences with no spouse women. Married women have a better chance of making complete ANC visits than no spouse women and women living with partners. Other variables that also affect the completeness of ANC visits are age, parity, wealth status and health insurance. It could be concluded that marital status influences the completeness of ANC visits among childbearing age women in rural Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 prevention efforts in Indonesia are carried out through several policies taken by the Government. One of them is the policy of conducting Large-Scale Social Restriction (LSSR) for regions that meet the requirements. LSSR and other policies that require community participation and discipline. The case curve is still high. Many violations still occur. The easing discourse has been LSSR rolled out. The study was aimed at evaluating the picture of the impact of LSSR policies in efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia concerning current public discipline. The study was conducted with a descriptive approach that was carried out through a literature study. The type of data used was secondary data. The results found that the policies issued in the Covid-19 prevention efforts, both in the form of policies on physical distancing, the use of masks, washing hands, to LSSR, all were related and depended on the level of community discipline to carry out and obey them. But the reality in the field of discipline that occurs both personally and collectively was still at a low level and requires further support. So that this also has an impact on the increasing occurrence of Covid-19 cases in various regions, even though the area has implemented an LSSR policy. It could be concluded that community discipline was the key to success in preventing Covid-19. The LSSR policy can also be successful if the community was able to discipline it obediently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia are increasing rapidly, especially in Tulungagung Regency, this requires serious treatment to prevent an epidemic that continues to spread. The research was aimed at optimizing the role of peer support in HIV testing in at-risk groups. The study was conducted descriptively observational. The sample was a risk group consisting of FSW and MSM as many as 72 people. The results of the study showed that 73% of the risk groups that had the effect of peer support had already taken an HIV test. The most influential form of social influence on risk groups of 44.44% was conformity, which is the behavior of the following habits in groups. In addition to the influence of peer support the communication competencies of peer support also affect risk groups. 69.7% of the risk groups that received peer support motivation had tested for HIV. A good level of peer support knowledge could affect 86.4% of the risk groups for testing. Good peer support skills could influence 85.7% of risk groups to take an HIV test. It could be concluded that knowledge from risk groups is related to attitudes and intentions to carry out HIV testing. Risk groups that have good intentions, carry out HIV testing. Communication competency consists of motivation, knowledge and skills related to HIV testing. Social influence was related to HIV testing. The form of social influence most felt by risk groups was conformity, then compliance and the least perceived is obedience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posyandu is one form of Community-Based Health Efforts held together with the community in obtaining basic health services. The cadre's role is to provide health information to the community, as a community mobilizer to come to Posyandu and a motivator to realize maternal and child health. The research was aimed at developing an effort to improve the performance of Posyandu cadres based on an analysis of empowerment in Tulungagung Regency. The study was conducted using observational analytic method with a sample of 32 Posyandu. The study was conducted in Tulungagung Regency in January-March 2020. The results showed that there was a relationship between the process of empowering and capability empowerment with the performance of Posyandu cadres (0.019; 0.001). There was a relationship between cadre training and alignment (0.002); the relationship between the availability of facilities and the role of the village with capability (0.042; 0.028) and the relationship between the development of cadres and trusts (0.028). It could be concluded that the performance of Posyandu cadres was influenced by the process of empowering alignment and capability. While trust was not related to the performance of Posyandu cadres. The process of empowering alignment was influenced by cadre training; capability was influenced by the availability of facilities and the role of villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) is the world's health crisis. Various aspects of the virus are still unknown. As the COVID-19 virus became more prevalent, the Government of Indonesia issued several types of policies, including in the education sector, by closing schools as an emergency measure to prevent the spread of infection. But when the start of the new school year, it makes parents who have school-age children start to worry, if it will start during this pandemic. The study aimed to find a picture of the impact of the Ministry of Education's policy discourse on the start of a new school year for school-aged children. The study design was conducted with a descriptive analysis approach which was carried out through a literature review. The results of the study found that although children tend to have mild symptoms of COVID-19, it did not mean we should ignore those who have this disease. We still need to take steps to prevent them from becoming infected. Policies for reopening schools must be carefully considered. Among them were waiting for conditions to be safe from the impact of COVID-19 following the decisions of the COVID-19 Task Force and the Ministry of Health, as well as the local government as the person in charge of basic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One factor that is thought to have a close relationship with neonatal deaths is parity. This is a problem for Indonesia which has the cultural characteristics of a large number of children is something positive. The study used the 2017 IDHS data. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 36,548 women aged 15-49 years with live births in the last 5 years were sampled. The final analyzed using a Binary Logistic Regression test. Multiparous women in Indonesia have a higher percentage of neonatal deaths than multiparous women. But the difference in parity between primiparous and multiparous was found not to be a predictor of neonatal death in Indonesia. Three other variables were found to be proven, predictors. Women who were not employed were 0.576 times more likely than women employed for neonatal death (OR 0.576; 95% CI 0.407-0.814). Women who did antenatal care ≥4 times were 2.332 times more likely than women who had ANC <4 times to experience neonatal death (OR 2.332; 95% CI 1.519-3.578). Women who did not experience a complication during delivery were 0.457 times more likely than women who had a complication during delivery for neonatal death (OR 0.457; 95% CI 0.317-0.659). The study concluded that parity was not a predictor of neonatal death in Indonesia. Other variables that were proven to be predictors are employment status, antenatal care, and complications during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of teenage pregnancy in Indonesia has increased annually, but only a few studies that indicate its predictors. The present research aimed at anlyzing the determinants of teenage pregnancy in Indonesia. The study used secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. The independent variables are as follows age, wealth status, education, occupation, and marital status. On the other hand, the dependent variable is teenage pregnancy. The data were analyzed using binary logisctic regression. It was found that age is a significant determinant of teenage pregnancy. The richest teenager has 0.61 higher possibility of getting pregnant than the poorest. A teenager with higher education is 0.03 times more possible to get pregnant than one that has not gone to school before. Moreover, a working teenager has the possibility to get pregnant higher than that of not working teenager by 1.47 times. The present study empirically proves that marital status is not a determinant of teenage pregancu. While the four other variables, such as age, lower wealth status, no education, and working have been proven as determinants of teenage pregnancy in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there has been a decline in the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in the past decade, the figure is still the highest among countries in Southeast Asia.The purpose of the study was to analyze the regional disparity of stunted toddlers in Indonesia. The analysis in this study uses data from the 2017 Indonesian Nutritional Status Monitoring. The sample used in this study was 149,571 toddlers aged 0-59 months. Data were analyzed using the Binary Logistic Regression test.Toddlers in the Sumatra region have the possibility of 0.921 times stunted compared to toddlers in the Papua region. The Java-Bali region was 0.805 times more likely than toddlers in the Papua region to be stunted. The Nusa Tenggara Region was 1.39 times more likely than toddlers in the Papua region to be stunted. Kalimantan Region has 1.161 times more likely than toddlers in the Papua region to be stunted. The Sulawesi region has 1.18 times the possibility of toddlers in the Papua region being stunted. Maluku region has a probability of 0.88 times that of toddlers in the Papua region to be stunted.There was a regional disparity of stunted toddler in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the Indonesia Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) in 2007, 2013 and 2018 showed the stunted rate for toddlers was still above 30%. While proven poverty often comes with stunted on toddlers. The study aimed to answer whether poverty factors and the availability of health services are related to the prevalence of stunted toddlers in provinces in Indonesia. This study was a secondary data analysis “Data and Information: Indonesian Health Profile in 2017”. The results showed that the high percentage of the poor population (>14.43%) was dominated by the high prevalence of stunted toddlers (22.51%-30.0%). In the category of health center ratio per 100 thousand high population (≥4) seen dominated by the prevalence of stunted toddlers in the high category (22.51%-0.0%). In the category of nutritionist ratio per 100 thousand high population (>12), it appears to be dominated by the prevalence of stunted toddler in the high category (22.51% -30.0%). In the category of midwife ratio per 100 thousand high population (>97) was dominated by the prevalence of stunted toddler (22.51%-30.0%). It was concluded that the percentage of the poor population was positively related to the prevalence of stunted toddler. While health service input factors (health center, nutritionists, and midwives) were not related to the prevalence of stunted toddlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitals were advanced referral health facilities or referrals for basic health services, it was very important for policymakers to know the factors that it was able to predict hospital use. The research objective was to determine the predictors of hospital use among Papuans in Indonesia. Data source from raw data of the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. Indonesia Basic Health Survey was a cross-sectional survey. The multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to get 30,620 Papuan respondents. Multinomial Logistic Regression Test is used to determine the predictors of hospital utilization. There were 8 predictors of hospital utilization in outpatients used consisting of age, urban-rural area, gender, education level, socioeconomic status, insurance ownership, travel time and transportation costs, there were 5 predictor variables in hospital utilization in patients hospitalization consisting of gender, type of work, socio-economic status, travel time and transportation costs, and there were 2 predictors in hospital utilization in outpatient and inpatient care at the same time consisting of the cost of time travel and transportation to the hospital. Overall there were 9 predictor variables of hospital utilization in all categories (outpatient and inpatient) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data collected by WHO from various countries found that in 2018, 47% of all under-five deaths occurred in the neonatal period. The study aimed to analyze variables related to neonatal death in urban Indonesia. The analysis utilizes secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. With stratification and multistage random sampling, 17,265 women aged 15-49 years in urban areas with live births in the last 5 years were sampled. Data were analyzed using a Binary Logistic Regression test. The analysis found that the richest women were 0.602 times more likely to experience neonatal death than the poorest women in urban areas(OR 0.602; 95% CI 0.409-0.886). Primiparous women were 0.526 times more likely to experience neonatal death than grand-multiparous women in urban areas of Indonesia(OR 0.526; 95% CI 0.307-0.903). Multiparous women were 0.636 times more likely to experience neonatal death than grand-multiparous women in urban areas in Indonesia(OR 0.636; 95% CI 0.492-0.822). Women who have antental care visits ≥ 4 times have a 0.237 chance of experiencing neonatal death compared to women who have antental care visits <4 times in urban areas in Indonesia(OR 0.237; 95% CI 0.163-0.334). It was concluded that there are 3 variables that affect neonatal death in urban area in Indonesia, namely wealth status, parity, and antenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional status in infants and toddlers is a very important indicator to indicate whether the development of health of a region is successful or not. The purpose of the study was to explore factors related to the nutritional status of troubled children in West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted with a qualitative design. Data was taken through interviews and observations on toddler suspected of having nutritional status problems. Data were analyzed by content analysis and thematic analysis method. The results of the interview were showed that the value of children for people living in the West Lombok, “the children is a king”. Although the results of observations were showed a different situation. Poverty makes parents of toddlers have no choice, and ultimately choose to work abroad. Toddlers whose parents work abroad must be entrusted to their relatives or grandmothers. Such conditions make the pattern of parenting, including the pattern of feeding, not optimal. This condition was exacerbated by poverty that surrounds them and the presence of infectious diseases that infect the toddlers. It can be concluded that the value of children is not related to the nutritional status of children. The main factors that were assessed to be related to the nutritional status of children in the West Lombok District were poverty. While other factors are related to family factors, infectious diseases, feeding pattern,and parenting patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]