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Introduction: Cheiloscopy is one of the investigative methods that utilises the anatomy and morphology of lips to identify individuals by their lip prints. Lip prints are a distinctive pattern made up of ridges and grooves on the labial mucosa, or sulci labiorum; cheiloscopy is the study of such patterns. Material and Methods: The study group comprised of 50 males and 50 females aged between 18 and 25 years in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh for a period of 1 year i.e., from August 2021 to September 2022. Results: Each individual lips were divided into 4 regions- upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left and a total of 400 lip regions (100x4) were assessed for 6 types of lip groove patterns- Type I, Type I', Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V as per the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The most common type of lip print pattern in males was Type III (32.5%) while in females it was Type II (36%). Conclusion: Lip prints are distinctive to each person and can be used to identify a person and ascertain their gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of human beings forms the basis of any criminal investigation. Lip print study, also known as cheiloscopy is the study of patterns formed by the ridges and grooves on the external surface of lips. This study aims to classify lip prints and study its correlation to sex. Methodology: 205 student participants who volunteered were included in this study of which females were 123 and males were 82. A food safe pigment was applied to the lips. Over this pigment, the glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and the subject was asked to make a lip impression in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the centre first and then pressing it uniformly toward the corners of the lips. The cellophane strip was then stuck to the white chart paper for permanent record purpose, then visualized by magnifying lens and analysed quadrant wise. Conclusion The most common lip print in the upper lip was found to be type 3 and in the lower lip was found to be type 4. Statistically significant difference with respect to sex was observed in first quadrant only (p = 0.01) and not in others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of lip prints is clear from previous literature review that this evidence can be used for forensic purpose. While accepting that a body of data existed regarding the individuality of lip pattern, there is no credible research on the stability of the lip detail over time. The timescale in question could be measured in weeks and months or years. The former would be used in police investigations and the latter can be used by geneticist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust nature of teeth and their ability to resist destruction, make them indispensable evidence in cases where human identification by a scientific method is required. Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry that combines knowledge of teeth and oral and maxillofacial region of a dentist with the legal system. Dental identification has proven to be a boon in disaster victim identification. Besides teeth, an odontologist can also help identify unknown domains from other features such as the palatal rugae, lip prints, frontal sinus, etc. Forensic Odontology can also assist in the biological profiling of human remains by sex determination, age assessment, racial profiling, and information about habits or pathologies from dental traits. Dental age estimation is a crucial part of the age estimation process in the medico-legal system. Research has shown that dental age estimation by studying mineralization and development of teeth in children and young adults can be fairly accurate and supplement skeletal age assessment. Biological profiling is required to be done for reconstructive identification by forensic facial reconstruction, especially in cold cases. Equipped with the expertise of dental structures, oral and maxillofacial region, overall skull anthropology, forensic odontology can contribute towards the identification of skeletonized, decomposed, or mutilated remains especially in cold cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A latent lip print can be important evidence, and specific substances are needed for the development of a latent lip print. However, collecting the lip print may difficult due to people who have sensitive skin with lipsticks and almost men who do not wear lipstick. Moreover, the enhancement methods of latent lip print are still lack of standardization and consistency. Aim: To develop a new staining method for the study of the lip print patterns Thai population. Method: The latent lip prints were collected from 24 males and 24 females. The ability of Roselle extract was investigated for developing latent lip prints on cigarette paper. The developed lip print was used for the morphological pattern analysis using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification criteria combined with Autodesk SketchBook. Result: The results revealed that Roselle extract exhibited potential as a staining dye for the development of latent lip prints on cigarette paper. Among the 24 males and 24 females, Type I was found to be most common and was present in 54.55% of the volunteers, followed by Types I’, II and IV (21.12%, 14.58%, and 9.03%, respectively). The least common patterns were Types III and V, each represented in 0.35% of the total volunteers. Conclusion: latent lip print could be used for study of lip print pattern by stained with Roselle extract. Moreover, a digital method using Autodesk SketchBook serves as an alternative method that provides ease in storing and identification of lip print pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy (quiloscopy) is a method of identification of a person based on characteristic arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of lips. Lip prints are unique to an individual, and persist in their characteristics over a period of years. They are like fingerprints reliable method for identification. The aim of the study was to find out various patterns of lip prints and the commonest pattern observed in both males and females. Materials and method: The study was carried out on 200 individuals residing in suburban area in Dakshina Kannada District, of ages ranging from 12-60yrs of both sexes after taking consent. The present study was carried out from 2013 to 2015.The materials used were dark colour lipstick, bond paper, cello tape. Results: The common pattern of lip print observed was Type I in the entire study population in both males and females. In Dakshina Kannada however it was not statistically proved significant. There was no significance between patterns and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of vital importance in forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal enquiries. The applicability of Cheiloscopy ( study of pattern of lip print), one of the easiest tools available in individual and medicolegal identification, is an area of extensive research in recent years. With the objective to investigate the uniqueness of lip patterns in relation to gender and blood groups, this study was conducted on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females. The lip prints obtained were studied by applying Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification.Type 2 (37%) was the most common lip print type in males and Type 3 (38.5%) was the most common lip print type in females. The Lower lip print can help in gender determination. No significant statistical correlation was found between the lip print patterns and blood group. Along with the traditional methods of identification like fingerprint analysis,Cheiloscopy can also be helpful in the identification of a person.However, the utility of the same in forensic medicine still remains largely untapped and unacknowledged. Similar studies with larger sample sizes are required to obtain statistically significant reports thereby allowing a more impactful emergence of lip print patterns usage in forensic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. Since the inception of the technique, the techniques is being used to evaluate the individual identity and its association with sex determination. As the blood stains may also be present at a crime scene, further studies have also been done to evaluate the association of common blood group pattern with lip prints. Aims and Objectives: To study the patterns of lip print and its association with blood group and gender in adults. Methods: In this prospective observational study, data were collected from 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females). All the subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were in the age group of 18-30 years. In this study lip print pattern samples were collected by paper fold method and blood group samples were collected and both were analysed according to Tsuchihashi classification and Landsteiner’s classification respectively. Results: A The predominant lip print pattern found in males, females and both the gender together was Type 1- complete vertical in both upper and lower lips. Predominant blood group found in this study was B+ve. Most frequent lip print pattern found in all blood group types was Type 1- complete vertical. Conclusions: Our study revealed an association between distribution of lip print pattern and gender. There was no correlation found in between blood group types and the cheiloscopic patterns. Further studies in different populations with large sample size are required to obtain a more definitive picture and statistical significance of this correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of forensic odontology among undergraduate dental students. Methodology: The data was collected through a questionnaire which contained 15 close-ended questions shared through online platform. And circulated amongst undergraduate dental students through online platform, all data were completely filled and statistical analysis was done. Result: The results of this study show that Interns were the group with the most Knowledge about Forensic Odontology (p=0.0004). 75% of the Interns scored >90 and contrastingly, around 30% of the IV, III, II and I years scored >90. Conclusion: This study divulges that there was adequate knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology amongst the Interns and very few of other group students (I, II, III and IVyear) have adequate knowledge and awareness regarding forensic odontology. Although the significance of maintenance of dental records are established, it has not been practiced among the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print is an anatomical character of the human lips. In forensic identification, lip print patterns can lead us to important information and helps in person's identification. The grooves present on human lips (Sulci labiorum) are unique to each person and can be used to determine identity. Fingerprints, post-mortem reports and of late, DNA fingerprinting, have been successful in person identification in the field of forensic science. Just as in these method, lip prints can be instrumental in identifying a person positively and can be used to verify the presence or absence of a person at the scene of crime. Cheiloscopic techniques have an equal value in relation to other types of forensic evidences for personal identification. Material and Method: The study was conducted on 100 students of age group 18-25 yrs. Lip stick was applied on each individual and the lip-print was obtained on a paper. The lip impression patterns were studied, classified and recorded using magnifying lens with light. Result: Lip patterns are unique for the individual and no two patterns are identical to each other. In study population,Type III pattern was most common in male while In females predominant pattern was type I. Thus in medico legal case, due to clear differentiation in sexes it is easy to identify person and gender. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy can be reliable method for personal identification and gender dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the last 100 years, Forensic Odontology is becoming an integralpart of Medico Legal research which uses dental as well as oro-facial studies to aid in the investigation for judicial system. It can be used in legal investigations which involve the identification of human remains, bite marks and age estimation & the list goes on. Dental practitioners have a significant responsibility of keeping correct dental records and supplying the relevant details to law enforcement authorities'. This paper will attempt to sum up the current positions of Forensic Medicine dental experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification plays a major role in crime investigation. One of the most effective methods of identification are fingerprints. Like fingerprints, lip prints are also unique for individuals and remain the same throughout life. They are not influenced by environmental changes, trauma and diseases. The uniqueness of lip has been proven by researchers by using shape analysis and colour information. Lip prints can also provide some important information in crime investigations and have the ability to distinguish individuals and are used in human identification purposes. Human lips recognition is one of the most emerging methods of human identification that originates from forensic and criminal practice. Lip prints are captured by police technicians and further analysis provides valuable evidence. The use of lip prints first started in 1950 and researches were carried out in 1970. The wrinkles pattern on the lips has individual characteristics like fingerprints. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation method that deals with the study of elevations and depressions which form a characteristic pattern on the external surface of the lips. This is unique for individuals. Lip print recording is used in forensic investigation that deals with identification of humans, based on lip traces. Lip prints can be a basis for conclusion such as sexes, habits and character of that event. At a crime site lip prints can either be visible or latent. Print produced by a traditional lipstick is easily identifiable. Latent print investigation is important in resolving any criminal act. Latent lip prints are invisible prints and can be identified by using fingerprint powder. Long lasting lipsticks produce prints that are invisible and require reagents to develop the prints. The porous and multicoloured surfaces are the surfaces in which a print is difficult to identify and cannot be easily seen. Cups, glasses, tissue papers and napkins may have imprints of the suspect's lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Personal identification is becoming increasingly important not only in legal medicine but also in criminal investigation, identification and in Genetic Research. The grooves present on the lips are unique for every person. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with the identification based on lip traces. The aim of this study was to assess the specific lip print pattern for personal identification, its uniqueness among males and females and the reliability of the technique in suspect identification at the crime site. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) aged between 10 and 50 years; dark-colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips and clear impressions of the lips were taken on the bond paper. The scanned lip-print image studied using Microsoft office picture manager. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. Chi-square test and p-value of the samples were calculated. Results: The study revealed that the lip print patterns for each individual were unique and there was no peculiar pattern distribution among male and female subjects. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy is analogous to fingerprint analysis and can be used as a tool for individual identification along with dermatoglyphics. It can also be used as an aid in forensic sex determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personal identification has an important role in forensic sciences. Lip print and thumb print can be used for personal identification since they are unique for individuals and do not change during the life of a person. Objective: To analyse predominant patterns of lip print in females and males, To analyse predominant patterns of finger print in females and males, To identify if there exists any correlation between lip prints and finger prints. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sathyabama Dental College among 500 individuals (250 females and 250 males) between age group of 18-40 years. Fingerprint and lip print of all the subjects were collected and compared, and the results were analyzed based on Micheal Kucken classification system for fingerprints and Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification for lip prints. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Level of significance was set as 0.05. Result: Reticular lip print pattern was found in majority (36.4%) of the males, whereas vertical grooves (29.6%) and branched grooves (29.6%) are common in females. Finger prints showed that loop pattern is more common in both males and females. This study showed a significant correlation between lip prints and thumb pattern in males while females showed no significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of lip prints, is commonly applied in forensic odontology and it is known as cheiloscopy. The term cheiloscopy was derived from Greek words, in which "cheilos" means lip and "scopy" means to examine. In general, cheiloscopy is define as a method of identifying an individual based on the arrangement of lines seen on the red part of the lips or a science dealing with the various line appearing on the red part of the lips. The pattern of wrinkles and grooves that are present on the lips has distinct characteristic features of an individual which are almost similar to the fingerprints. It also will not change throughout the life. Therefore, it can be used for personal identification and sex determination. Aim: To investigate lip print pattern in males and females and to evaluate them between Malaysian and Indian population. Materials and Method: There were 40 participants of both gender. 20 of them are from the Malaysian population and another 20 people are from the Indian population. Each participant was instructed to clean their lips with a clean white cloth, before taking the lip print. This was followed by the application of dark coloured lip stick on lips by using the lip stick applicator. Cellophane tape was used to take the negative impression of the lip pattern. The glued portion of the cellophane tape was placed on the lips by giving a light pressure beginning from the centre of the lips till the corner of the mouth. Then, the impression was transferred to a clean white paper and seen under the magnifying glass. Results: Type I lip pattern was commonly seen in Indian population, followed by type III, II and IV. Whereas for Malaysian population, type III was most common followed by type I, II and IV. There was significant difference between both population. In this study, it showed that type I was the most common lip print pattern seen in both Indian and Malaysian population for females. Whereas for male, type III was more common in Malaysian population, and both type III and IV were more common in Indian population. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in both population according the general distribution of lip print pattern. There was no correlation or similarity of lip print patterns between each participants in both population. Thus, cheiloscopy can be used for sex determination and also personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of the suspect, living or dead with the help of physical charachteristics play a vital role in forensic science. Improved methods of gender determination and personal identification are important in solving criminal cases. Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy have been proved to be of use in personal identification. The present study aims to evaluate correlation of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in gender determination Materials and Method: The study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2019 on 2112 individuals (1056 males and 1056 females) aged from 15 to 60 years in KMCT Dental College, Calicut. For lip print analysis Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification was followed. For finger print analysis impression of all the fingers were taken. For analysis, the images were cropped and abode photoshop software was used. Results: Type 1 and 1' lip groove patterns were found to be predominant among males.Type 4 and Type 5 lip groove patterns were found to be predominant among females. Loop finger print patterns were found to be predominant among males.Whorl finger print patterns were found to be predominant among females. Positive correlation (+0.80) was found between loop finger print pattern and Type 1' lip print pattern in males which is statistically significant (p=0.003).Positive correlation (+0.75) was found between whorl finger print pattern and Type IV lip groove pattern in females which is statistically significant. (p=0.005) Conclusion: There was definite correlation of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in gender determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of paramount importance in the forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal investigations. In forensic odontology, scientific methods using DNA is considered to be the gold standard method of identification; however, it's expensive and time-consuming approach have circumvented the need for less expensive and faster methods of identification. The latest inexpensive approach of quantifying evidences for identification of suspect in crime is using lip print, fingerprint, palatal rugae & blood grouping and this has gained tremendous importance in the present days. Hence, the aim of the present study is to correlate and compare Cheiloscopy, Dactyloscopy and Palatoscopy with blood group and Rh factor. Method: A total of 200 dental students between the age group18 to 25 years were included in the study. Lip print, finger print and palatal rugae patterns with ABO blood groups were collected and compared using Chi square test. The data was analysed using SPSS version 10.0 statistical package. Results & Conclusion: Statistically significant correlation existed between lip print and ABO-Rh factors (χ2statistic = 37.56, p value <0.05) and between finger prints and ABO-Rh factors (χ2 statistic = 30.6, p value < 0.05). No association was found between palatal rugae with ABO-Rhesus blood groups (χ2 statistic = 17.71, p value >0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa called as sulci labiorum form a characteristic pattern called ‘lip prints’. It is usually used in forensic investigation. Gender and face shape classification from lip print is an important procedure in forensic anthropology in order to identify the gender of a criminal, their face shape type and narrow down the scope of suspects search. Each individual has a unique lip print hence this can be useful for identification. Aim: To correlate between the type of lip prints in relation to gender and facial form among third year students in Saveetha Dental College. Method: The study group comprised of 25 females and 25 males. The materials used were lipstick, white bond paper, cellophane tape and a brush for applying the lipstick. The data obtained will be analysed on the lip print pattern and its correlation to the face shape and gender Result: The most common type of lip print for both females and males are type 1 lip print. As for face shape, round face shape is most common in females, meanwhile square and heart face shape is most common in male population. Conclusion: There is no correlation between face shape, type of lip print and gender. Further study should be done to demonstrate a more accurate reason with wider field of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most transgenders in India reside in secluded or in outskirts of society with very low status; they are often addressed in a very derogatory manner by the society. The Indian sub-continent displays a variety of studies undertaken by the cheiloscopic experts and most researchers could differentiate the two genders due to their characteristic lip pattern. Many of them carried out double blind study inorder to identify the gender on the basis of lip-patterns identified by them. But the "third gender" was left out and never taken into consideration. Present cheiloscopic study throws light on various lip-patterns present in them and whether they have characteristic patterns. The paper also reviews the relevance of various studies undertaken in Indian Subcontinent, social problems existing in transgenders and further explains cheiloscopic relevance in forensics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is a study of pattern of lines on the red part of human lips, which are unique for each individual, just like the other identification methods e.g. finger print and teeth and bite mark etc. It can be very supportive in crime scene investigation when probability of retrieving other evidences is sparse. Apart from personnel identification, lip prints are also known to fix the gender of an individual. Aim: The aim of the present study was to document varieties of lip prints along with an objective of deciding its uniqueness in terms of identification of an individual. Material and method: This study was conducted on 200 medical students of Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat. In which 100 male and 100 female medical students were included. The lip prints were obtained by application of lipstick evenly on both lips, prints were obtained on thin bond paper and on plain glass slide. Lip prints obtained on plain glass were retrieved and matched with the first one by two examiner to identify each person on the basis of it. Result: Lip prints of 187 of 200 individual were correctly matched, thus identification of the person was successful in maximum students. Conclusion: The study revealed that the lip prints of the maximum experimental subjects matched with the individual. So it was concluded that lip prints behold the potential of fix the identity of a person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip prints are defined as the grooves and wrinkled patterns present on the labial mucosa. They are admissible as evidence in the court of law as they are found to be unique and permanent which do not change during the life span of an individual. In this paper, a pilot study was done to ascertain the sex and race of an individual by studying their lip print patterns. The targeted experimented group included Indian(Caucasoid) and African(Negroid) students, both male and female studying at Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat. The successful inter-comparison according to the race and sex of the exemplar was done giving a definite result that the cheiloscopy can aid in identification of an individual by establishing his or her race and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lip prints are like finger prints; Unique and never same in two different individuals. Lip prints are distinctive and do not change during the life of the person. Cheiloscopy can be of special interest in cases where there are no finger prints available and as a necroidentification technique Aims: To identify different types of lip print patterns in North Indian, South Indian and Malaysian populations. To assess gender based on lip print patterns among Indian (North and South) and Malaysian population. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 128 subjects - 102 were Indians and 26 were Malaysians. Lip prints were analyzed based on Tsuchihashi's classification. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 for Pearson's Chi- Square tests and p-value. Results: Lip print pattern findings were found to have accordance with few other researches done in similar population setting. Among Indian subjects - Type 2 and Type 4 patterns are predominant. Among Malaysian population - Type 2 and 1' are predominant. In Indian and Malaysian male population - Type 2 and Type 4 are predominant. In Indian and Malaysian Female population - Type 2 and Type 1 are predominant. Conclusion: In the study, different types of lip print patterns in North Indian, South Indian and Malaysian population with respect to ethnicity and gender were studied. Further research on this topic, with a larger sample, would help to increase the accuracy of this study, strengthen the research field of Cheiloscopy and make this study fruitful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints, is a tool in forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of individuals based on lips patterns. The objective of this study is to determine predominant lip print pattern found among the Gujarati population, to evaluate whether any sex difference exists and to study the permanence of the pattern over 6 months duration. The study comprised of 100 healthy individuals (50 males and 50 females), in the age group of 18-25 years of Gujarati population of the Gandhinagar region of the Gujarat state, India. By using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification, Lip prints were then divided into four quadrants and also classified on the basis of peripheral shape of the lips. Materials used to record the lip prints were dark brown colored lipstick, cellophane tape and white bond paper. Lipstick was applied uniformly and Lip prints were taken on the glued portion of cellophane tape and then stuck on to a white bond paper. These lip prints were analyzed with magnifying lens and virtually with stereo microscope. On the analysis of the subject population, results showed Branched pattern Type II (29.57%) to be most predominant in the Gujarati population. Branched pattern Type II (35.60%) and long verticalType I (28.28%) were most prevalent in males and females respectively and Large Full lips were most predominantly present in both the sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip print patterns which are individualistic and unique like fingerprints. Cheiloscopy is quite significant in forensic investigation like personal identification and sex determination. But unfortunately, crime detective agencies are still unaware of the importance of lip prints and are not being used in identification of criminals. Aim: To study different types of lip patterns in different quadrants of lip, their incidence in the given age group in relation to specific gender and uniqueness in personal identification. Materials and method: The study comprised of 150 subjects, aged 25-50 years from Chhattisgarh population, India. Lipstick was applied over the lip and lip impressions were taken on white bond paper with the help of cellophane tape and then visualized by magnifying lens. Analysis of lip prints were done according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Result and conclusion: It was found that type I was the most prevalent cheiloscopic pattern among both genders. The least common lip pattern was type IV among entire sample study. No gender wise distribution was observed among lip print patterns. Lip patterns are unique for every individual and no two prints are similar to each other. Emphasis to be given for further studies using standard methods to evaluate the lip prints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In forensic identification, the mouth allows for a myriad of possibilities. Dental data is vastly used for positive identification of person, but nowadays other oral data such as palatal prints and lip prints are used for the process of identification, the object of which is to identify and register individuals for both civil and criminal purposes. Aim and Objective: To check whether there are any peculiar / common lip patterns among males and females and to establish lip prints as a tool for identification. Study Design: It's a cross sectional Prospective study. Method: It was conducted on the children who are studying in fourth standard to Tenth standard in the Government school at Pathancheru. 200 subjects were selected irrespective of their caste, religion, dietary habits & socio-economic status. Observation: Among males, it was found that intersected pattern was most common in compartments 1, 3 and 4, while the least common pattern in lip compartments 1, 2, was Undetermined. On evaluation of the lip prints of the females, compartments 1, 2 exhibited intersected pattern predominantly. However, in compartment 3 and 4, branched pattern was commonest. Conclusion: Lip prints are useful in personal identification and they differ from person to person even not similar in uniovular twins. Study showed that cellophane tape and lipstick can be easily used to retrieve lip prints. Lip print analysis is a process that can provides both qualitative and quantitative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa, called as sulci labiorum forms a characteristic pattern called as "LIP PRINTS" and the study of which is referred to as CHEILOSCOPY. This is unique to an individual just like the fingerprints. The print patterns show some sexual dimorphic differences in distribution patterns. The study reveals that there is a statistically significant sex distinguishing features in the lip prints. The study reveals among other findings that * All quadrants different -variety of lip prints was seen most commonly in males * All quadrants same -variety of lip prints were common in females. * Type IV was seen most commonly in females whereas Type I, I1 and III occurred more in male lip prints. However the methodology used for recording and studying the prints is easy, economical and convenient. No specialized equipment or training is required to use this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of an individual plays an important role in both civil and criminal investigations. Fingerprinting is widely accepted and practiced method of identification throughout the world because of its uniqueness. Similarly researches done previous shows that lip print pattern is also unique and is helpful in identification. Objective: To correlate fingerprint with lip print pattern and also to determine the predominant fingerprint and lip print pattern in males and females, in Gujarati population. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional survey was conducted in a teaching hospital Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females), between 18 - 24 years of age, were the study subjects. Fingerprint and lip impressions of all the subjects were recorded, and the results were analyzed based on Henry system for fingerprints and Suzuki & Tsuchihashi classification for lip prints. Results: There exists a correlation between the fingerprint and the lip print pattern in both males and females (p <0.001), which was highly significant sex-wise. In the male (63.9%) and female (66.6%) loop fingerprint pattern was the predominant type. In the case of lip print pattern in male Type III (42%) and female Type I (37%) was the most predominant type. Conclusion: There is a correlation between fingerprint and lip print patterns in both males and females. The study also revealed that finger and lip prints are unique to each and can be used as an identification tool in civil and criminal investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Human identification is based on scientific principles, mainly involving estimation of age, sex, fingerprints, measurement of height, dental records. Just like these methods, lip prints can also be instrumental in identifying the sex which is vital for establishing the identity of an individual. The study of lip prints is known as cheiloscopy. The main objective of study was to find out accuracy of sex determination through lip prints. Method: The study was conducted on 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students of Azeezia medical college, Kollam. Subjects were 100 males and 100 females of the state of Kerala, aged between 18 and 25years. Details of the study were explained to the subjects and lip prints taken and analysed as per the Classification given by Tsuchihashi. Results: Type I was the most common lip print in total subjects and males. Type III predominated in females. Type I, I', II constituted majority of females. Type III, IV, V predominated in males. Conclusion: The results obtained in our study do not prove it to be an infallible method. But it still seems to open a small window to a vast unventured field. The need of the hour is to develop a standardized method to assess and accurately record the cheiloscopic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic odontology is a Latin word meaning "forum" for legal matter discussion. It's an area of dentistry where dental knowledge is applied for criminal and civil laws in justification. It is involved in the investigations to identify recovered human remains. It helps in determination of age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings. Comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records assists in identification. Thus forensic odontology has ignited lot of interest in the recent past that it has become a single positive method for identification in solving forensic cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic Dentistry is one of the most unexplored and intriguing branches of forensic sciences. It has been applied to variety of cases of civil and criminal, including identification, homicide, fraud, malpractice, professional misconduct and liability. It is the specialty with goal of investigating psychological, physical, chemical and biological phenomenon that can reach human being. Recent addition of DNA analysis to Forensic Dentistry is frequently used in identifying individuals or determining the origin of certain tissues. Since qualified forensic odontologists in India are very few, this paper reinforces awareness among the dental practitioners about the role of dentist in person identification and to awaken the social responsibility of maintaining dental records of all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the various methods of identification, cheiloscopy is one of the most interesting emerging techniques. It is a method to establish the identity of a person based on the presence of grooves on the red part of human lips as various studies have revealed the unique nature of lip prints just like finger or footprints. Edmond Locard of France was the first to recommend the use of lip prints for individual identification. Since 1950, the Japanese has carried out extensive research in the matter. Lip prints at a scene of crime, apart from identification, may help to point as to the nature of crime, sex of the person involved, type of cosmetics used, habits or any pathological changes of lips. Credibility of lip prints as a human identification tool for evidential purposes is yet to be accepted by courts in India as literature reveals very little research done in this field. There is a need to review the various methods of recording and collection of the lip prints at the crime scene and also the means to develop the latent lip prints. This paper reviews in detail all the important aspects of cheiloscopy like its scope in crime investigation, limitations and current research carried out in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing an individual's identity in post-mortem issues can be a very difficult and tedious process. Lip prints are considered to be unique and thus can lead us to important information and help in a person's identification. Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the use of lips prints in sex differentiation and to test the applicability of Tsuchihashi (1970) classification for identification of lip patterns and Vahanwala et al for identification of sex when applied to North Indian boys & girls. Methodology: A total of 150 subjects, 75 males and 75 females were selected from among the students of Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow while noting the name and sex of the respective individuals. After applying lip stick evenly, a lip impression was made. The lip print was then analyzed and interpreted to determine the sex of the individuals. Result: We found that 93.3% lip prints of males were correctly identified and 96.0% lip prints of females were correctly identified. Type 1' (40.0%) and Type 1 (37.3%) was most commonly seen in females and Type 3 (50.7%) was most commonly seen in males. Conclusion: Along with other available methods, cheiloscopy can also serve as a very important tool in the individual's identification based on the characteristics arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of the lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Establishing a person's identity is a very important process in civil and criminal cases. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, in certain circumstances related to the scene of the crime or due to lack of experienced personnel, these techniques might be unavailable, so there is still an increasing need for reliable alternative methods of establishing identity. Objective: The objective of the study was to check for any peculiar lip patterns and rugae patterns in relation to the sex of the individual and to analyze the degree of agreement between three observers. Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 378 subjects, which included 189 males and 189 females, in the age group of 18-30 years. Lip prints and rugae pattern were analysed by three independent observers. Results: Lip print of branched type was most commonly seen in females and cross-section in males. Wavy pattern was most common in males and females in palatal rugae. Conclusion: This study shows that lip prints and palatal rugae are unique to an individual and behold the potential for recognition of the sex of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is true that we have landed up in a very sophisticated and modernised era where the technology has outraged or excelled in every walk of life. But still, we are facing many new challenges especially in putting up a hault for the ever growing crime rates. Forensic dentistry proves out to be the major ray of hope where the conventional means of identification goes in vain. Forensic dental identifications, especially in times of manmade disasters, depend mainly on the availability of ante mortem dental records so it is the social responsibility of each and every dentist to maintain dental records of their patients for the noble cause of identification in the event of manmade disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last few decades have seen the development of the exaggerated importance of lip prints as another skin impression. Cheiloscopy deals with the examination of system of furrows on the red part of human lips and is an important tool in forensic science. Traditional lip stick produces a print that is easily identifiable. However, lip prints made without lip stick are invisible known as latent lip prints, requiring reagents that are more sensitive than conventional materials to locate and develop the invisible prints. In this paper the authors describe about the unusual techniques of cheiloscopy used in detection and development of latent lip prints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction When fingerprint, DNA and post-mortem records are not available, lesser known techniques of palatoscopy and Cheiloscopy can throw light on individual identification. The present study was conducted to compare the Lip prints between the Tibetan population from Mundgod and the population of Belgaum and to find out the quadrant wise and gender-wise predilection of lip print patterns. Material and Methods Lip impressions were collected from 775 Tibetans from Mundgod and 764 subjects from the population of Belgaum city. A dark shaded lip stick was applied on the lips of the subjects and the impressions were taken on the sticking side of a cellophane tape and stuck on a white paper. The impressions were visualized using a magnifying lens and analyzed by Suzuki's classification. Findings The data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using Chi square test. The Type I pattern was more common in males in the first and second quadrants. Type II pattern was more in the Tibetans than in the general population. Type III pattern was more common in males. It was seen more commonly in the Tibetans. Type IV pattern occurred more frequently in females in both the populations. The variability in occurrence of different types of lip prints in both the populations was statistically significant. Lip size of the Tibetans was larger than their counterparts from the general population. Conclusion Lip prints have a gender-wise as well as quadrant-wise predilection. The two races compared in this study were found to have differences in the distribution of lip prints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lip prints are unique and distinguishable for every individual like fingerprints. Lip prints has been utilised in court at very few instances, more and more research need to be conducted in this field with regards to use of lip prints in personal identification and criminal investigation, it will certainly help as useful evidence in Identification and a tool to solve crime. The present study was aimed to study lip prints of different individuals in various quadrants of lip. The study group comprised of 50 males and 50 females. The materials used were lipstick, white bond paper and a magnifying lens. Present study shows that lip-prints are unique to an individual and behold the potential to act as a tool to solve crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a personal identification is a difficult process. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common technique used in this context, allowing fast and secure identification process. Forensic methodology could serve as a very important tool in the field of oral medicine, diagnosis & radiology. The external surface of lips has many elevation and depression forming a characteristic pattern called lip prints, it is also known as cheiloscopy. The lip prints are unique and distinguishable for every individual like fingerprints. Lip prints are helpful in forensic investigation that deals with identification of a victim in the court of law. More researches need to be conducted in this field with regards to confirmation of uniqueness, and the collection and interpretation of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External surface of the lip has many elevations and depressions forming a characteristic pattern called lip prints, examination of which is referred to as cheiloscopy. This is unique for individuals like the finger prints. The use of lip prints in criminal cases is limited because the credibility of lip prints has not been firmly established in our courts. Present study carried out in M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga includes 66 Males and 58 Females and the materials used are lip stick, bond paper, cellophane tape, magnifying lens. Study is mainly focused on highlighting the unique nature of lip prints useful in personal identification and to find out the most common lip print patterns in study population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a comparative study on the different methods of recording lip prints. Six methods have been compared. Out of these, previous workers have used four methods. These are photography, lipstick-paper method, lipstick-paper-cardboard method and lipstick-cellophane method. Two methods using dental impression materials to make three-dimensional casts of the lips have been used in this study for the first time. Parameters such as print contrast, level of technical skill required and time taken have been considered. The best was found to be the lipstick-cellophane method as it gave prints of good clarity, was not time-consuming, was simple and inexpensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. This is unique for individuals like the finger prints. Lip prints are hereditary yet considered to be individualistic, each possessing their own unique characteristics. For this reason it is safe to suggest that lip prints can be included in the forensic sciences arena as a legitimate means of identifying persons of interest connected with criminal activity. Lip prints thus hold potential promise as an instrumental tool in forensic odontology. The purpose of this article is to give an insight into this branch of forensic odontology with an emphasis on its historical background, techniques of recording it and its future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]