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[Objective] The aims of this study are to investigate the regularities of runoff and sediment yield on the slope of Dicranopteris pedata under different dead rates (100%, 50% and 0%）, and to reveal the effect of Dicranopteris pedata under different growth conditions on soil erosion control. [Methods] The variation characteristics of runoff and sediment yield on the slope with different dead rates of Dicranopteris pedata were quantitatively analyzed through artificial simulated rainfall experiments. [Results] (1) The runoff rate under different rainfall intensity and dead rate of Dicranopteris pedata increased slowly or rapidly in the early stage, and tended to be stable in the late stage. Under the light rainfall intensity, the erosion rate, except for bare slope, increased slowly in the early stage and tended to be stable in the later stage. Under the high rainfall intensity, the erosion rate increased rapidly in the early stage, and gradually decreased and stabilized in the middle and late stage. (2) Except for the cumulative runoff under 2 mm/min rainfall intensity, the cumulative runoff and sediment yield were significantly different under the other treatment conditions, and the sediment yield increased with the increase of the dead rate of Dicranopteris pedata. (3) The relationship between cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield on the slope under different rainfall intensities conformed to the power function model (R~2＞0.99）. [Conclusion] The runoff rate and erosion rate increased rapidly in the early stage and fluctuated steadily in the later stage with the change of rainfall duration under the different mortality rates of Dicranopteris pedata plantation with two kinds of rainfall intensities. A good regression effect is obtained by fitting the functional relationship between cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield under each treatment. It is proved that the dead Dicranopteris pedata can also play a good role in soil and water loss control in the red soil erosion area in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]