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The UK is a proponent and pioneer of carbon neutral strategic actions. In-depth analysis and comparison of the characteristics of the carbon neutral policy system between China and the UK will be of reference value for China to promote the deployment of carbon neutral actions. Based on content analysis and grounded theory method, the "3MS" analysis framework of macro-strategy, medium skeleton and microstructure are designed and put forward, and the overall text and logical characteristics of its policy are summarized. Research shows that at the overall level, the UK has basically formed the policy system of "1+1+N+X" for carbon neutrality strategy, and established a strategic promotion system of "consultation, decision making, implementation and evaluation", with an organizational structure of central coordination, institutional promotion, think tank support and private collaboration. In addition, it has well-coordinated policy networks such as legislative constraints, overall deployment, clear mission, detailed response, mutual support, and technological guidance. In contrast, China's legislative guarantee, promotion system and think tank support are insufficient. It is suggested that the five dimensions of legal guarantee, system and mechanism, implementation path, scientific and technological innovation, and think tank support should be taken into consideration. The improvement of China's carbon peak and carbon neutral strategic policy system should be undertaken from the perspectives of different emission reduction departments, different industrial technologies, as well as government, industry, enterprise, society and other levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National research institutes, as an importance part of national strategically scientific and technological strength, are facing great challenges in development and management under the new S&T revolution and increasing national strategic demands. Based on reviewing the evolution of UK public sector research establishments, this study takes in-depth analysis of the new idea and organizational model changes in recent ten years, including the mission and layout, external management, internal governance, and interdisciplinary research mechanisms of UK public sector research establishments. Further inspirations are provided for the reform of Chinese national research institutions and the establishment of new research institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a common practice in the world to establish a science advisory system at the highest decision-making level of a country to provide advices on national science and technology strategies and policies. The Chief Scientific Adviser System is a network with Government Chief Scientific Adviser as the core and supported by Departmental Chief Scientific Advisers. It can provide timely, effective, and comprehensive policy recommendations for the decision-making of the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, and governmental departments. It is known as the UK model. Its experience can provide valuable reference for China. This work studies the development, the operating environment, position setting and role of the Chief Scientific Adviser System in UK, and summarizes the experience and inspiration of the UK model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]