Search

This study aim was to identify the frequency and risk factors of bowel obstruction after the radiation therapy for cervical and endometrial cancers. For this reason medical data of patients treated in LSMUL KK Oncology and Hematology clinic, Surgery clinic between January 1 2008 – December 31 2014 was retrospectively analyzed. The study enrolled 78 women: 49 treated for cervical cancer (17 women with bowel obstruction, 32 women without bowel obstruction), 29 treated for endometrial cancer (9 women with bowel obstruction, 20 women without bowel obstruction).

[...]. Aim of the study. To establish the role of ionizing radiation dose and polymorphism of genes encoding for cytokines in the treatment of bone disease caused by multiple myeloma. Objectives of the study. 1. To evaluate and comnpare efficiency of the pain syndrome treatment when prescribing two different radiotherapy regiments for bone lesions due to multiple myeloma. 2. To establish any significant demographic and clinical factors determining pain relief in a bone destruction caused by multiple myeloma site after radiation treatment. 3. To evaluate the frequency of recalcification when prescribing two different radiotherapy regiments for bone lesions due to multiple myeloma and establish any significant factors determining recalcification in a bone destruction site after radiation treatment. 4. To evaluate and compare the patients' quality of life when prescribing two different radiotherapy regimentsfor bone lesions due to multiple myeloma. 5. To evaluate the impact of polymorphism of genes encoding cytokins (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA) on the pain syndrome due to bone disease caused by multiple myeloma. [...].

Accurate phenotyping of multitransfused patients is often complicated - mostly due to the presence of circulating transfused donor’s RBCs in the recipient’s blood, leading to discrepancies in the assessment of test results. The question when genotyping including Duffy and Kidd systems should be used for patients undergoing chronic RBC transfusions is still being discussed. Serological testing and evaluation of the antigens and antibodies of Duffy and Kidd systems are among the main problems in multitransfused patients. The research on immunohematology and blood group genetics has been caried out for the first time in Lithuania. A high rate (more than 30%) of disagreements between the results of phenotyping and genotyping in our study demonstrates the benefit of DNA-based testing for chronically-transfused patients. In order to estimate the value of phenotyping and genotyping of Duffy and Kidd antigen systems in patients undergoing long-term RBC transfusions, the impact of demographic, clinical, immunohaematological or transfusion-related factors, on the discrepancy of the results, was investigated. Time frame that could be appropriate to obtain reliable results of conventionaly used serologic tests (hemmagglutination reaction) after the last transfusion was established as well as appropriate recommendations were made. We believe that these studies could be helpful for clinical practice as well as in decreasing the risk of transfusion of red blood cells.

Apie 5–10 proc. visų krūties navikų atvejų sudaro paveldimas vėžys. BRCA1 ir BRCA2 genai yra patys svarbiausi polinkį susirgti krūties vėžiu sąlygojantys genai. Kiti reikšmingai su padidėjusia krūties navikų išsivystymo rizika susiję – CHEK2 ir NBS1 genai. Šiame darbe ištirtos paveldimos dažniausiai Europos regione nustatomos šių genų mutacijos. Nustatytas BRCA1 ir CHEK2 genų mutacijų dažnis tarp jaunų krūties vėžiu susirgusių moterų, ištyrinėtos jų sąsajos su pacientės amžiumi, naviko klinikinėmis ir morfologinėmis savybėmis. Išanalizuota šeiminės anamnezės prognozinė vertė nustatant paveldimus BRCA1 ir CHEK2 genų pokyčius. Pirmą kartą Lietuvoje įsisavintas CHEK2 bei NBS1 genų tyrimas, nustatyta, kokios CHEK2 geno mutacijos dažniausios. Nors NBS1 geno mutacijų nerasta, bet įsisavinta metodika, kuri bus panaudota ateities tyrimams. Sukurtas kompleksinis BRCA1 bei CHEK2 genų mutacijų radimo prognozavimo modelis. Šiandien klinikinėje praktikoje panašūs modeliai naudojami įvertinti BRCA1/2 genų mutacijų tikimybę. Jų pritaikomumas ir specifiškumas skirtingose etninėse grupėse gali skirtis. Naudojant tirtų pacienčių charakteristikas, įtraukiant ne tik šeiminę anamnezę, pacientės ypatybes, bet ir klinikinius bei molekulinius navikų požymius, sukurti mūsų regionui pritaikyti modeliai bei nustatyti kriterijai, kurie padės atrinkti pacientes genetiniam konsultavimui dėl BRCA1 bei CHEK2 genų mutacijų. Šis naujas požiūris turi didžiulę praktinę naudą. Approximately 5–10% of all breast cancer cases are considered to be hereditary. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the most important breast cancer predisposing genes. Other genes significantly linked with an increased risk of breast tumors are CHEK2 and NBS1 gene. In this scientific work were studied the most prevalent in European region mutations of these genes. The rate of BRCA1 and CHEK2 gene mutations in young women with breast cancer was evaluated and the relationships between these mutations and patient's age, clinical and morphological tumor features are examined. The prognostic value of family history was analyzed when forecasting hereditary BRCA1 and CHEK2 gene mutations. For the first time in Lithuania the CHEK2, NBS1 genes tests were applied and the evaluation of which CHEK2 gene mutations are most prevalent was obtained. Although NBS1 gene mutations were not found, but applied test technique will be used in future research. There was created a prognostic model for determination of BRCA1 and CHEK2 gene mutations. In today's clinical practice similar models are used to assess the likelihood of the BRCA1/2 mutation. Their applicability and specificity in different ethnic groups may vary. Applying the studied data there was created a model adapted to our region. Testing patients, there were considered not only family medical history and personal characteristics, but also the clinical and molecular features of tumors. The criteria have been found which will help in selecting... [to full text]

After radical treatment of head and neck cancer 20–50% of patients are diagnosed with the locoregional recurrence during first two years. In the literature the results of studies, using reirradiation by three-dimensional radiotherapy for head and neck cancer recurrence, according to a 2-year overall survival and toxicity, are poor: overall survival reached 15.2–40%, the grade 3 - 4 toxicity reached 1.4–47% and grade 5 - 7.6%. The results of phase II and retrospective studies using the high-dose-rate brachytherapy for treatment of head and neck cancer relapse were: 2-year overall survival was 19–63%; grade 3 - 4 late toxicity 4–22.2%. In these studies 3–4 Gy per fraction up to 30–40 Gy total dose were administered. So far, the randomized study, comparing the high-dose-rate brachytherapy with the three-dimensional radiotherapy, treating head and neck cancer relapse, hasn’t been conducted. We compared different radiotherapy methods: three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was administered to the control group (25 fractions of 2 Gy, total dose of 50 Gy); the hypofractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy was administered to the experimental group, while applying a new regime of fractionation: 2.5 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day, up to 30 Gy total dose. Such fractionation regimen was selected in order to reduce the rate and grade of toxicity, while the total dose is biologically equivalent to the total doses, which have been used in previous studies.