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In 1922-1939 in the Vilnius region, at that time - in the Republic of Poland, there was a state system of protection of monuments: law, institution and officials. In this work, this system of monument protection is analyzed using theories of authorized heritage discourse and critical discourse analysis. The dissertation examines the Polish system of monument protection as the consolidation of authorized heritage discourse. Here, as elsewhere in Europe, this discourse was based on the materiality of heritage, innate value, the transmission of national and social values, and the supremacy of (male) experts. The paper discusses the sources of power: political / institutional, professional and based on nationality, religion, social stratum or gender, which allowed the dominance of this discourse in interwar Vilnius. The practice of protection of monuments in the Vilnius region is discussed through the process of listing of monuments, practices of protection of architecture, nature, urban scale monuments, archeology and movable objects. The idea of regionalism and the photography of Jan Bułhak are analyzed as a means of consolidating the authorized Polish heritage discourse. All this allows us to conclude that the state policy on the protection of monuments reflected and was focused not on the actual situation at the time, but on the aspiration - the vision of Vilnius (region) as a redout of Polishness. The Vilnius region was not as Polish as it was created visually and in writing. Today, such an aspiration and vision of the protection of monuments is perceived in historiography as an actual situation of the protection of monuments in interwar Vilnius.

In 1922-1939 in the Vilnius region, at that time - in the Republic of Poland, there was a state system of protection of monuments: law, institution and officials. In this work, this system of monument protection is analyzed using theories of authorized heritage discourse and critical discourse analysis. The dissertation examines the Polish system of monument protection as the consolidation of authorized heritage discourse. Here, as elsewhere in Europe, this discourse was based on the materiality of heritage, innate value, the transmission of national and social values, and the supremacy of (male) experts. The paper discusses the sources of power: political / institutional, professional and based on nationality, religion, social stratum or gender, which allowed the dominance of this discourse in interwar Vilnius. The practice of protection of monuments in the Vilnius region is discussed through the process of listing of monuments, practices of protection of architecture, nature, urban scale monuments, archeology and movable objects. The idea of regionalism and the photography of Jan Bułhak are analyzed as a means of consolidating the authorized Polish heritage discourse. All this allows us to conclude that the state policy on the protection of monuments reflected and was focused not on the actual situation at the time, but on the aspiration - the vision of Vilnius (region) as a redout of Polishness. The Vilnius region was not as Polish as it was created visually and in writing. Today, such an aspiration and vision of the protection of monuments is perceived in historiography as an actual situation of the protection of monuments in interwar Vilnius.

This dissertation aims to extend the research on the urban, architectural and artistic environment and everyday life of the Soviet era by focusing on collective gardens as a little-studied aspect of Lithuanian urban space and culture. The thesis hypothesises that the mass spread of collective gardening in Lithuania formed a phenomenon similar to the so-called "kitchen culture" of the Soviet era - collective gardens were a space of specific cultural and social practices that transcended the boundaries of official ideology. The aim of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of collective gardens in Lithuania, the preconditions for its emergence and its development from 1944 to the restoration of independence in 1990-1991.

The heritage protection system in Soviet Lithuania was considered particularly successful and advanced. However Lithuanian historiography has not yet examined how and why certain urban heritage concepts and protection systems developed. This dissertation explores the research problem in chronological order (1956–1992) and analyses in detail not only the ideas of urban conservation and value but also their expression in planning documents and the influence of practical factors on urban heritage concept. Local processes have been compared to international trends. Three levels of context have been defined: USSR, socialist countries and international / Western heritage protection. It has been revealed that Lithuanian achievements in urban conservation were well known in the USSR however they were influential in neighbouring countries to a much lesser extent than was claimed. Though the Lithuanian approach generally corresponded to international trends, they were loosely interpreted in practice. In Lithuania, two separate, even isolated models of protection and urban values were applied respectively on urban monuments of local and republican level. It has been concluded that neither urban heritage concept, nor its values were ever established and this is possibly the reason why after the restoration of Lithuanian independence this system lost its effectiveness.

By combining the approaches of film history theory with research of the Soviet period, and on the basis of empirical research, this study carries out the reconstruction of exhibition, distribution and production. The main aim of this study is to present film as a multi-layered phenomenon of the Soviet period which encompasses socio-cultural, ideological, political, creative, technological, economical and institutional levels. This research not only identifies the main aims and tasks of the Soviet film policy (from above), but also discloses reasons for those cases when the programme-aimed intentions failed to be executed (from below). As it turns out, the “most important of all arts” was not that significant. The so-called advantages of cinema, such as its “mass appeal” or “effectiveness”, were only programme-based aspirations that granted film with mythical powers that had nothing in common with the processes that took place in the reality of Soviet Lithuania. The end of the creation of the Lithuanian film studio signified, on the one hand, the fact that the creation of the model of film industry in the periphery of the USSR had come to an end (production, distribution, exhibition); on the other hand, it marked the appropriation of the multi-stage system of film control. Having thoroughly analysed the modes of control expression, the research proposes a construct for this control system (“control pyramid”). Derinant tarptautinėje istoriografijoje susiformavusias kino istorijos teorijos prieigas su sovietmečio tyrinėjimais, empirinio tyrimo pagrindu darbe atliekama kino rodymo (kino rodymo tinklas), platinimo (kino repertuaras), kino gamybos ir kūrybos rekonstrukcija. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – pristatyti kiną kaip įvairialypį sovietmečio fenomeną, apimantį sociokultūrinius, ideologinius, politinius, kūrybinius, technologinius, ekonominius, institucinius lygmenis. Tyrime identifikuoti ne tik sovietų kino politikos pagrindiniai tikslai, uždaviniai („iš viršaus“), bet ir apčiuopti programinių intencijų neįgyvendinimo atvejai, priežastys („iš apačios“). Pasirodo, „svarbiausias iš menų“ ne toks jau ir buvo svarbus. Menami kino privalumai – „masiškumas“, paveikumas – tebuvo programinė siekiamybė, kurioje kinui suteiktos mitinės galios nieko bendra neturėjusios su sovietų Lietuvos tikrovėje vykusiais procesais. Lietuvos kino studijos kūrimo pabaiga, viena vertus, ženklino kino industrijos modelio kūrimo baigtį SSRS periferijoje (gamina, platina, rodo), kita vertus, daugiapakopės filmų kontrolės sistemos perėmimą. Atlikus nuoseklią kontrolės raišką, tyrime pasiūlytas kontrolės sistemos vaizdinys („kontrolės piramidė“). Šis leido ne tik priartėti prie supratimo kokioje gamybinėje, kūrybinėje, ideologinėje tikrovėje kino filmų kūrimo procesas vyko, bet ir pirmą kartą identifikuoti užmanymus bei filmus, patyrusius skirtingas nuobaudas ir draudimus.

The object of the research is the process of patrimonialisation in the state heritage protection by converting cultural material remains into heritage. To reveal it, the aspect of assessing monuments of the past is referred to which is expressed when material remains are recognised as valuable and protected by the state. The present paper synthesizes the history of Soviet and post-Soviet heritage records referring more to the principle of values than institutional principle. The methods and principles of attributing values to the objects of cultural heritage during the processes of patrimolisation are described. As the result the pragmatic approach to the formation of monument lists possessing including both Soviet or Lithuanian nationalistic ideological approach features was stated, as well as links to the Western heritage protection theoretical thought were shown and formation principles of associative/symbolic, informational, esthetical and economic were described. After regaining of independence the bigger attention to older, pre-Soviet objects of heritage to ensure legitimation of statehood was traced, and the rise of new – social and economical – cultural heritage values is observed. Disertacijos objektas yra verčių formavimo procesai valstybinėje paveldosaugoje įpaveldinant kultūros palikimą. Jam atskleisti remiamasi palikimo vertinimo aspektu, kuris atsispindi senieną pripažįstant vertinga ir saugoma valstybės. Disertacijoje nagrinėjama kultūros paveldo apskaita sovietinėje ir posovietinėje Lietuvoje remiantis ne instituciniu, o vertybiniu modeliu. Atskleidžiami įpaveldinimo procesų metu vystančio verčių priskyrimo kultūros palikimo objektams metodai ir principai. Darbe konstatuojamas sovietmečiu paminklų apskaitoje vyravęs pragmatinis – parodomasis verčių formavimo principas savyje turintis ir sovietinės, ir lietuviškosios nacionalistinės ideologijos aspektų, parodomos jo sąsajos su Vakarų paminklosauga, atskleidžiami asociatyvinių/simbolinių, informacinių, estetinių bei ekonominių verčių formavimo ypatumai. Lietuvai atkūrus nepriklausomybę stebimas paveldo objektų „senėjimas“ atsisakant „neseno“ sovietmečio palikimo prioritetą teikiant kuo senesniam paveldui siekiant legitimuoti Lietuvos valstybingumą, taip pat amžių sankirtoje konstatuojama naujų – socialinių ir ekonominių – paveldo verčių aktualizavimo pradžia.

Heritage protection during the Soviet period is a phenomenon which involves the origins of some aspects of contemporary Lithuanian heritage protection. This period itself is evaluated in Lithuanian historiography in a contradictory way: on the one hand, it is proud of the achievements and it envisages resistanced, on the other hand, it tells about the biggest damage to heritage and Moscow dictate. The following question arises: What part of the present heritage protection is of “Lithuanian” origin and what part is the “Soviet” one? It is the subject that is analyzed in the dissertation. The traditional perspective – historical practices of the heritage, principles, divisions of conceptions into “good” and “bad” is rejected; instead of this, the ideological origins of that time heritage protection and the expressions of the ideas themselves are analyzed. The main subject of the research is the idea which is understood in the broadest sense, comprising the spheres of theory and practice, official and unofficial concepts, realized and unrealized plans. It is stated that the freedom to choose the ideological models of the heritage protection during the Soviet period depended on the sphere of the heritage protection: some of them were completely monopolized by Moscow, the others had the conditional freedom. It determined heterogeneous ideological origins of that time Lithuanian heritage protection. The most favourable environment for the Lithuanian will and self to spread was the... [to full text] Sovietmečio paveldosauga yra reiškinys, kuriame glūdi kai kurių dabartinės Lietuvos paveldosaugos aspektų ištakos. Pati sovietmečio paveldosauga lietuviškoje istoriografijoje vertinama prieštaringai: viena vertus, didžiuojamasi pasiekimais ir įžvelgiama „konspiracinė rezistencija“, kita vertus, kalbama apie didžiausius paveldo nuostolius ir Maskvos diktatą. Kyla klausimas, kiek šios dabarties paveldosaugos ištakos yra „lietuviškos“, o kiek „sovietinės“ prigimties. Būtent tai ir nagrinėjama disertacijoje. Čia atsisakoma tradicinės perspektyvos – istorinių paveldosaugos praktikų, principų, sampratų dalijimo į „geras“ ir „blogas“; vietoj to gilinamasi į to meto paveldosaugos idėjines ištakas bei pačių idėjų raiškas. Idėja, pagrindinis šio tyrimo objektas, suprantama plačiausia prasme, apimant teorijos ir praktikos, oficialių ir neoficialių konceptų, realizuotų ir neįgyvendintų sumanymų sferas. Disertacijoje konstatuojama, kad paveldosaugos idėjinių modelių pasirinkimo laisvė sovietmečiu priklausė nuo paveldosaugos sferos: vienos jų buvo visiškai monopolizuotos Maskvos, kitoms suteikta sąlyginė laisvė. Tai lėmė to meto Lietuvos paveldosaugos idėjinių ištakų nevienalytiškumą. Palankiausia terpė lietuviškosios valios ar savasties skleidimuisi buvo paveldotvarkos elgsenos. Būtent čia laisviausiai galėjo reikštis tradiciniai (dar ikisovietiniais metais atsiradę) lietuvių tapatumo modeliai. Taip pat atskleidžiama, kad paveldosaugos idėjiniai modeliai Lietuvoje sovietmečiu gyvavo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Heritage of Modern Architecture in Lithuania At any history stage the process of public activity leaves some material symbols, among which immovable items take an especially important place. The dominant part of them in the cities is formed from architecture. Conception of historical architecture is undergoing constant changes by encompassing still new decades and styles. One of the “youngest” styles, which is gradually coming to be perceived as part of historical heritage, is modernism. The majority of the European countries have already refrained from questioning the historicity of this style. This stimulates us focusing also on the heritage of Lithuania’s modern architecture and analysing what was achieved and what could be preserved as part of the former era. The research subject-matter deals with modern architecture as part of the heritage of Lithuania’s architecture in the 20th century. Given the conditions of independent Lithuania, interwar and post-war modern architecture and separate objects of it receive ambiguous evaluations, a number of highly relevant and severe problems of heritage conservation and heritage documentation nature occur, which require urgent and reasoned answers. Fundamental problem lies in the attitude of conceptual character, namely whether this heritage is by and large recognized as the object of Lithuanian cultural heritage. Further destiny of modern architecture heritage depends on the latter attitude. It should be emphasised that the greatest part of architecturological research focused on the classical history periods of Lithuanian architecture and failed to go beyond the boundary of the 20th century. Alongside with this, the relevant problem of determining the criteria of differential value of modern architecture occurs. This issue is of really complex character because it must follow objectivity requirements, while our period of time relates to various interests, such as economic, political, etc. On the basis of the possible values it would be possible to determine and classify the valuables of modern architecture and resolve yet another major problem, i.e. integrate such valuables into the system of heritage documentation. The present research aims at finding out certain most important protection problems arising with regard to the Lithuanian modern architecture and determining the possibilities for its preservation. This research overviews the particularities of the development of 20th century architecture; deals with the complex and ambiguous attitude towards the heritage of Lithuanian modern architecture and the reasons of particular situation; singles out the examples of Lithuanian modern architecture and presents the most characteristic values of such buildings. After the research was carried out certain conclusions were drawn. Firstly, it should be stated that European movements and directions of modern architecture illustrate the social and economic situation of that time and demonstrate the creative architectural potential of those times; therefore, searching for one’s own place in the overall architectural context, we must perceive and value the heritage of every historical stratum. Architecture of the 20th century shall not be an exception. Secondly, it should be stressed that a marked part of heritage of Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century is loosing its attractiveness due to various economic, cultural and political reasons and, should the legal acts fail to protect it, it is likely to disappear rapidly. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society. Third, it shall be asserted that 20th century architecture is not an ordinary heritage object; attitude towards such heritage must be more flexible in order to adjust it to the needs of a modern city. The given situation may be altered by an active position of contemporary society.

Notorious removal of the „Bronze soldier“ monument in Estonia in 2007 and serious political tensions that followed warned the neighbouring states that cultural heritage issues may spontaneously become a cause for an international conflict. Those events inspired the main question of this research work – is Lithuanian heritage preservation service able to control tensions that heritage causes? The object of research: problems of policy, management, preservation and spread of dissonant heritage in Kaunas. The purpose of research: conceptualization of problems caused by dissonant heritage in Kaunas and setting forth practical recommendations. The goals of research: 1. Conceptualization of heritage preservation problems caused by Kaunas fortress, Jewish and soviet legacies; 2. Displaying social opinion on the issues of Kaunas dissonant heritage by means of the social research method; 3. Defining of Kaunas museums attitude towards the dissonant heritage; 4. Verification of the „time distance“ contribution role in the management of heritage-based conflicts; 5. Setting forth practical recommendations on the heritage–preservation policy. The thesis combines several integrated researches: case studies, social- and resource research. The analysis ellucidates the sharpest aspects of the dissonant heritage problem in Kaunas. Kaunas fortress, built by Russian empire, is a huge complex of defensive, administrative and household buildings and systems. After the I world war the complex lost its significance in defensive affairs but some parts of the complex were still in use for various purposes. After the restoration of state independence in 1990 Kaunas fortress lost almost any function. The cultural heritage status of the complex caused isolation and limited potential of revitalizing the fortress. Soon the remains of Kaunas fortress become ground for social and economic tensions. The research revealed that despite its Russian origin Kaunas fortress is not causing a political dissonance. Another huge problem of Kaunas heritage-preservation is soviet legacy. This type of legacy is unavoidably bound with politics and causes serious tensions between different groups of society. The notification of a cultural heritage status for a soviet legacy object is always followed by controversies. The research revealed that society has a very contradictory attitude towards the soviet heritage. The third complex of sharpest dissonant heritage problems is Jewish legacy issues. This type of dissonant is closely linked to complicated past of Jewish and Lithuanian relations, holocaust and anti-Semitism. The research revealed that Lithuanian society has a very negative attitude towards the Jewish cultural heritage-preservation. This fact implies that Kaunas’ heritage preservation service officials must work on the better integration of the Jewish past into common historic consciousness. The research conceptualized the dissonant heritage problem in Kaunas and defined its sharpest aspects. The most conflicts are deep and long-termed. In order to solve them a complex of policies should be used. At the end of the thesis the practical recommendations on the heritage–preservation policy were set. The main direction of heritage-preservation service should be moving towards the integration of different social, political and ethnical group heritages. The second policy - moving towards the better heritage communication. The third one – a use of sustainable development principles.

In 2009 Vilnius is publicized as European Cultural capital. It means that our country lives an active cultural life. It’s like a present to us symbolizing that Lithuanians understand their history, culture and heritage; that they know how to save and use it for esthetical, financial, cultural or other purposes. Object of this work – technical heritage, specifically street lighting and water supply equipment in Vilnius. This is a range of small technical heritage directly related with domestic daily life that means no attitude for saving it like a worth thing. It’s not only nowadays problem. Domestic life attributes like lanterns, street lamps, water pumps, water towers, water wells and etc. has never been saved as cultural heritage as it was used constantly. Only becoming history known by the archival documents and iconography, domestic equipment sometimes attains attention. Paradoxical, but only when we have almost nothing left, we try to save it. At the moment we have 12 Vilnius water supply and street lighting objects written into Cultural heritage register – Verkiai manor lantern poles, 1 water pump, 4 water towers, 5 water mills and Vingriai spring reservoir. It’s a little number of technical heritage left, but it shows that we do remember it and somehow try to keep it for future. At the moment all the water towers, water pump and Pučkoriai water mills are saved only by not letting them to demolish. Today these objects give no any information. Better situation is with the water mills. Most of them are specialized for different purposes. Different situation today we have with historical street lighting as a characteristic part of Vilnius old town. Soviet period illuminators are gradually replaced with “historic” ones (seeming XIX – XX centuries). It helps to create cozy historic atmosphere but at the same time very often confronts with existing old architectural styles. For example: ornate gas lanterns can’t interflow with flat gothic walls. Street lighting equipment changed with the alternation of fuel, not by change of architecture styles. Street lighting history in Vilnius begins in 1817, by the first archival document, explaining about these days oil lighting problems. Second very important date in lighting history – 1864. It was a year when ornate gas lighting by building gas factory has com to the city. Street lighting equipment changed a lot not only by fuel, but by decorative details and all over metal using in construction. Only at the 1903 when power station was build and electricity use outrivaled other fuels lighting system has changed a lot till nowadays. Luminaries on high metal poles were used in spite of lanterns, till the 1968, when the idea to use historic street lighting become to reality. Almost 400 hundred years due to favourable relief of the location, the spring water flowed through wooden pipes to the reservoirs and ponds designated for public use, also to some houses of the noble. The first evidence about the use of spring water for water supply in Vilnius goes back to year 1501, when Alexander, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, gave as present to the Dominican monks the Vingriai springs that were the property of the monks by the middle of the 19th century. With development of the city and constant lack of water in the middle of the 19th century municipal authorities started considering the need of centralised water suply and construction of new waterworks. Water supply was based on the artesian well and was designed for the population of 350000. Because of lack of the money, only in 1913-1914, water supply network of more than 30 km was constructed and the pump house completed. 1916 – is to be considered the beginning of the centralized water supply of Vilnius. A part of old Vilnius water supply system is alive today and represents today by the frequent use of water pumps not only for domestic use but even as decorative element

Fotografijos paveldo Lietuvoje problematika yra labai mažai analizuota, apsiribojanti keliais straipsniais, kuriuose iškeliamos lokalios problemos, tačiau nesigilinama į jų priežastis. Tad šio darbo tikslas – kaip tik nustatyti fotografijos vietą paveldo sistemoje ir išryškinti jo specifiką bei aktualias problemas. Pagrindiniai tyrimo šaltiniai – Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktai ir konkrečios fotografijos saugyklos. Tyrimo metu buvo analizuojama Lietuvos teisinė bazė, kurioje ieškota tiek tipinių, tiek individualių fotografiją reglamentuojančių nuostatų. Tuo pačiu buvo įvertinta ir pagrindinių paveldo saugyklų indėlis saugant fotografinius atvaizdus. The topic of Lithuania’s photography is least analyzed. There were published only few articles which rose local problems though didn’t solve them. The point of this work is to show photography’s role in the system of heritage protection and to highlight its particularity and actual problems. The main sources of this research are acts of Lithuanian Republic and national stores of photography. During the investigation there was analyzed the basis of Lithuania’s law related to photography’s regulation. Besides that was assessed stores’ contribution toward protection of the photographic images.

Paveldotvarkos darbai, lėmę autentiškų interjerų (ne)išlikimą, buvo pradėti sovietmečiu. Būtent šiuo laikotarpiu užsimezgė ir susiformavo istorinių pastatų interjero tvarkymo metodika ir darbų vykdymo praktika. Tačiau vieninga paveldo objektų tvarkymo metodika nebuvo sukurta; istoriniai pastatai (interjerai) buvo tvarkomi labai skirtingai ir tai patvirtina išlikę tvarkymo darbų pavyzdžiai. Neturint vieningos „paminklinių interjerų“ tyrimo, vertinimo ir tvarkymo metodikos, iškilo esminis – interjerų išsaugojimo – klausimas. Iki šiol Lietuvoje nebuvo analizuota, kaip istoriniuose interjeruose išsaugotos jų vertingosios savybės, tvarkymo kryptis ir kaip laikomasi mokslinės metodikos tvarkymo principų. Tad šiame darbe atliekamas tyrimas skiriamas aktualiai nūdienos problemai: aptarti istorinių pastatų interjerų tvarkymo ištakas, tendencijas ir aplinkybes, lėmusiais interjerų tvarkymo sprendimus. Darbo tyrimo objektas buvo sovietmečiu restauruoti, atkurti ir pritaikyti, iki šių dienų išlikę interjerai istoriniuose pastatuose. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti 1960-1990 m. Vilniaus istoriniuose pastatuose vykdytų interjerų atkūrimo ir panaudos tendencijas, bei jų problematiką. Šiam tikslui pasiekti buvo apžvelgtos aplinkybės – teisine, administracine sistemą, sociokultūrinius aspektus – lėmusios interjerų istoriniuose pastatuose tvarkymą, atskleista intereso istoriniams interjerams susiformavimo raidą, atskleista verčių svarba tvarkymo metodikai, nustatytos paveldotvarkos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The management of interiors of historical buildings beginning to develop in soviet times. During the soviet period the treatment methodology of historical buildings, including interiors, was formed. But the problem is that there wasn’t formed a uniform treatment methodology of interior of historical buildings. It is proved by the examples seen in our days as result of treatment with interiors. As there is not settled united treatment methodology of historical buildings – the problem appears on how to protect the interiors of historical buildings? Till now, there was no any scientific work about the management of interiors of historical buildings written. This master thesis is intended to describe the problems of management of historical buildings (interiors) which is related to our days. The subject of this work is interiors of historical buildings which where treated in soviet times. The main goal of this work is to describe the interiors of historical buildings in Vilnius (1960-1990), the problems of restoration and use. Further more, to determine the tendency how the function of interiors was changing and on what the way of treatment with interior depended.

According to the French ethnologist, Daniel Fabre, a historic monument is one of the most obvious manifestations that landed itself to maintaining historicism throughout Western Europe in recent centuries. Today this idea becomes object of theoretical debates. The main purpose of this work is to study and evaluate the modern theoretical debate, when heterogenic concept ,,heritage” is universally accepted and set in, about genesis of historic monument idea, development and the crisis. Also, it is necessarily to go deep into opportunity of actualization and new alternatives. There are two perspectives of inquiring the genesis of historic monument. The works on the traditional progressive perspective tend to present a classic image of historic monument, i.e. a his¬toric monument is exhibited as an idea of modernity, with big attention to juridical aspects. One of the most substantial contemporary scientists representing the classic conception is André Chastel, Françoise Choay, Dominique Poulot. As an alternative to this monoperspective theory emerges an innovative interpretation of the modernism of historic mo¬nument developed by contemporary French ethnologists and anthropologists - Daniel Fabre, Jean-Michel Leniaud, Olivier Poisson. This work presents and analyses dif¬ferent visions of the development of his¬toric monument. It aims at attempting to reflect the presented positions and to evaluate the possibilities and challenges of a presumable multi-perspective model. The paradigmical crisis of historic monument analyzed in this work from ideological, monumentality and crisis of the historical value dimensions. The measure of this crisis is taken in comparison with heritage conception, which goes away of gnoseology borders and becomes overly heterogenic. This work aims at attempting to go deeper in to possibilities of actualization of historic monument and the alternatives. As the basic alternative emerges an innovative Pierre Nora ,,Realms of Memory” conception. The third part of this work includes analysis of historic monument conception in soviet Lithuania. The frame of reference was determined of entrenchment historic monument as juridical category. This research evaluates the distinction between soviet and Western Europe concepts of historic monument and dynamic of that mutation. Analyzing the list of soviet monument, the main question of that part in this work is the ideological role of historic monument as the tool of political power legitimation. Studying relation between official policy of historic monuments and latentical factors, which determined the survival of some important for Lithuanian history monuments, the basic goal is to put special emphasis on relations with more or less ideologized monuments, with reference to interviews of heritage personnel and archival data. In final touches the work takes notice on Independent Lithuanian tendencies, considering did the establishment of the new concepts qualitatively determined the changes of the earlier concept of historic monument.