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In this article we intend to trace Homeric references within Xenophon's Anabasis, in order to prove the Historian constructs an Epic text in which he immortalizes his own exploits among Persians and compares himself with the hero Odysseus. I also consider other works of Xenophon as Banquet, Memorabilia and Apology, since there he describes the poems of Homer as an essential part of his own Greek culture in iv Century. Among the main sources I have consulted, ancient and modern, are Homer, Christos Tsagalis and Emerson Cerdas. And while Naoko Yamagata founds only one Homeric reference in Anabasis, I find two direct references and several indirect references which allude to the hero and to certain situations in Odisea Xenophon similarly faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the importance of cunning in the characterization of σοφός in the Ancient Greek tradition, from the literature of the archaic period to the Socratic circle, it is striking that in Plato there is no such thing as a cunning σοφός. Apart from the Lesser Hippias, which offers an ambiguous assessment of Odysseus πολυτροπία, the σοφός is almost never defined by its intelligence --this is not a distinctive feature of the σοφός or φιλόσοφος-- but rather by the knowledge of certain things. The lack of treatment has led to most interpreters to neglect the subject. In order to remedy this situation, in this article I offer an interpretation that diagnoses the absence of an attribute such as cunning in the conceptualization of σοφός in Plato, but not as the result of simple condemnation or censorship as argued, for example, by Detienne and Vernant 1978 and suggested by Montiglio 2011. In this paper I propose that Plato would manifest a lack of interest regarding these attributes. From the analysis of the Platonic corpus I seek to demonstrate that, although attributes of intelligence are considered advantageous and desirable qualities, they have only instrumental value with respect to the attainment of truth and good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plato in the Phaedo outlines an intellectual biography of Socrates articulated in different phases, the last of them, (τὸν δεύτερον πλοῦν, the "second navigation") beginning when he renounced to natural philosophy for a dialogue-oriented philosophy. The metaphor of "second navigation" refers to the fifth book of the Odyssey in which the hero rejects heavenly life in Calypso's island and attempts to cross the abyss on a raft and get to Ithaca. Throughout the dialogue, there are numerous references to the Odyssey: the autobiographical excursus, in which Socrates defines his philosophy, can be compared with the speeches of Odysseus to King Alcinous. In both, main themes are the transformation of the subject at the end of a cognitive route and the refusal of the seduction and passivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a comparative reading of Prometheus, a novel by Ramón Pérez de Ayala, a Spanish writer, taking Greek mythology as a reference, specifically the heroic figures of Odysseus and Prometheus. This will be done in order to assess the analyses, both critical and literary, of the ideas related to humanism and progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]