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The corrosion enhancement due to plasma post-oxidation subsequent to plasma nitriding of the samples of low alloy annealed steel AISI 4140 was evaluated. The plasma nitriding was carried out at ≈570 °C for 1-3 h in an atmosphere of 75% H2 and 25% N2. After this process post-oxidation at ≈450 °C in a gas mixture, air and dry air-like was conducted for an hour. The treated samples were characterized using the XRD, SEM, AFM, potentiodynamic polarization and Vickers microhardness tests. The outcome of combined processes showed the presence of ε and γ nitrided phases in the inner compound layer and in the outer one mostly of magnetite phase and barely visible of hematite one without using H2 in the post-oxidation process. Also in these processes, the corrosion potential proved to be lower in the treated specimens than the untreated ones, and the corrosion current decreased up to one order of magnitude when treated in environment air and air-like ambient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With incident fluences of ≈ 1012 atoms/cm² aluminium samples have been plasma immersion ion implanted with either pure nitrogen or argon/nitrogen mixtures at temperatures around 450°C. X-ray diffraction studies have validated the formation of the cubic phase of AlN, in samples treated with both the gas mixtures and pure nitrogen. Likewise, the presence of the hexagonal phase of AlN has been detected when either pure nitrogen or a 70%N/30%Ar mixture have been used. The signature peak of AlN has also been confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy. The maximal microhardness values were found in samples treated with the mixture. The maximal roughness was achieved with the equal part mixture in all cases, although increasing with the implantation pulse width up to a 300 nm peak at 150 μs. The latter critical value remains invariant under the pure nitrogen plasma treatment, provided that implantation periods in the order of 4.5 h are carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annealed low alloy 4140 steel samples have been nitrided for different treatment periods (1-6 h) in an RF inductive plasma discharge with very low bias voltage (≈400 V). The resulting nitrided layer has been observed by means of an optical microscope whereas the nitride phases have been characterised by X-ray analysis. The corrosion response, assessed by the potentiodynamic tests in the 3.5% NaCl solution, presents both higher noble potential values and lower corrosion rates when compared with the untreated sample. The Vickers microhardness tests values show an appreciable increment compared to that of the untreated sample. The process is characterized by a high overall e  ciency because similar average Vickers tests values were obtained, no matter for how long the treatment was extended. Likewise, the scanning electron micrographs confirmed no appreciable size evolution of the compound layer microstructure at different times of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]