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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that manifests itself after the human body is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus destroys defense cells (T-CD4 lymphocytes) and an important increase identifier of immunosuppression and/or failure to an immune response, the early signs often appear in the oral cavity in the form of various lesions. With the advent of HAART, it was also observed that it is accompanied by medium- and long-term side effects, mainly metabolic and bone changes. Other clinical manifestations that may occur are the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the oral cavity; HPV infections show exophytic growth and are often confluent, showing a “cauliflower” appearance and may or may not correspond to keratinized or non-keratinized tissues. In recent studies on papillomavirus, the literature indicates that HPV 16 and 18 are considered risk factors in the etiology of oral cancer development. Several neoplasias can occur in the oral cavity of patients with AIDS or HIV, and often the oral cavity is the place where we have the first manifestation of the disease, but multidisciplinary follow-up is necessary, so that the patient has care and a better quality of life.