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Socioeconomic, government expenditures, and transportation infrastructures, such as roads and ports, play a critical role in the economic development of poor and deprived regions. These factors are as catalysts for increasing economic output and enhancing people’s living standards in these regions. This study of West Timor, Indonesia, aimed to examine the impact of Socioeconomic, government expenditure, road, and port infrastructure on economic growth. This study analyzed panel data from a cross-section of six regencies/municipality in the West Timor region from 2002 to 2020. The analytical method used in this research is the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM). We found that human development, government expenditure on personnel and capital expenditure, urbanization, and district roads positively impacted economic growth, while expenditure on goods and services has a negative impact on economic growth. In contrast to district roads, national roads adversely impact economic growth due to triggering backwash and leakage of the regional economy. Therefore, human development, government expenditure, and infrastructure development to encourage the local economy of underdeveloped areas in the country’s border areas must consider the needs of local communities in increasing their productivity.

Electric trains (KRL) provide services to residents living in Jabodetabek, one of the world's most significant regions. Although KRL is used daily by about 973,366 residents to carry out their activities, some factors influence its usage. Therefore, this study aims to identify the critical elements that affect train services and the patterns of relationships amongst actors to construct a model for long-term sustainability. This study was carried out using the Micmac and Mactor methods. Micmac is a causal structural matrix that can investigate the relationship between parameters in a system. The Mactor technique, on the other hand, is applied to a variety of tactics involving many actors and a set of related interests and goals. The results showed five critical variables for sustainable urban rail service, namely Safety, Capital, Eco monitoring and evaluation, Eco plan, and COVID control are needed. Meanwhile, The General Administration of Railways, Ministry of Transport, and Indonesian commuter train company are two institutions or actors that are very influential in mobilizing the safety of KRL users amid a pandemic to ensure the continuity of train services. This study also finds that critical variables, key actors, and rail destinations strongly influence the sustainability of social, economic, and environmental aspects of urban rail transportation services. In conclusion, this study provides new insight into developing a sustainable urban rail service model in Jabodetabek KRL.

There are different characteristics distinguishing a region from the others, thereby, leading to the diversities in the regional potentials and problems as well as the strategic regional development policies to be implemented. The East-West Corridor is one of the eleven provincial strategic economic areas in West Sumatra. It covers nine regencies or cities and 65 sub-districts with different characteristics and typologies and this leads to diversity in the strategies to develop this area. This study aims to determine the diversity associated with the characteristics and typologies of the strategic area of the East-West Corridor. This involved using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis technique, spatial clustering analysis, and overlay analysis. Moreover, the regional characteristics and typologies were grouped based on 17 observational variables used in producing four main components including trade and tourism services, agriculture, livestock/fishery, and tourism. The results of spatial clustering analysis produced 3 clusters which are the urban, desa-kota, and rural areas while the overlay analysis produced ten regional characteristics and typologies used as the basis to make strategies and policies for each region’s development and to increase investment opportunities in the strategic area of West-East Corridor and the Province of West Sumatra in general.

The purpose of development in the border area of Kalimantan Corridor is not only physical, and infrastructure development, but the development must reduce poverty, regional disparities, economic disparities, increase income and improve people's welfare. This research was conducted in the border area of the Kalimantan Corridor, which has a direct border with Malaysia. This study had two objectives: the first was using Panel Data Regression, analyzing the program's effect on economic performance such as poverty, human development index, and community per capita income. It used secondary data in 2015-2019, covering education, health, agriculture, marine, road, and market programs. The result is that no program positively affects development performance except marine to poverty. The second is by using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, creating a sustainable development strategy towards the border area of Kalimantan Corridor. The respondents were BNPP bureaucrats and academics who understood development planning in the border area. The data used is sourced from Grand Design of Border Area Management 2014-2025, and the result is a sustainable development strategy in the border area of the Kalimantan Corridor. From in-depth interviews, the strategies in the border area to support economic performance are infrastructure, natural resources and human development.

Indonesia is rated the highest rice consumer and the third-largest producer in the world, consequently, farming is one of the most strategic production systems in the country. Therefore, this study aims to assess the sustainability of rice farming at the provincial level in Indonesia. Furthermore, 32 sustainability indicators, which are categorized into five dimensions, namely economic, ecological, social, technological, and institutional were used. The rapid appraisal approach (Rapsusagri), consisting of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was adopted to assess the sustainability of rice farming. Monte Carlo simulation was used to define the validity and sensitivity analysis to assess the dominant attributes which affect sustainability. The result showed that the economic and social dimensions are at a better level, meanwhile the ecological, technological, and institutional still have various weaknesses and needs improvement. Furthermore, irrigated paddy areas, agricultural infrastructure, rice productivity, use of chemical and organic fertilizers, cropping index, land suitability, village accessibility, officers, and agricultural extension institution were pointed out as the leveraging indicators for sustaining the rice farming system. Also, provinces in Java Island were found to have higher sustainability levels than others. However, it is predicted that this condition will last for a short period due to rapid land conversion, therefore Indonesia needs to consider the development of rice production areas outside Java islands.