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The research on the relationship between mechanization level in planting industry and labor demand was carried out based on the present literatures. The former estimation model of labor demand in planting industry was established without analyzing the effects of planting structure on labor demand in planting industry. The purpose of the research is to develop and perfect the theory of estimating both labor demand and rural surplus labor in planting industry, then to provide some theoretical references for scientific estimation. The model established in this research can be used to calculate not only the amount of current labor demand, but also the demand in the various moment of future according to forecasted mechanization level and cultivated areas. Furthermore, it was explored how to obtain the indexes of cultivated areas, mechanization level and the average cultivated area that each labor can burden when the mechanization level is 0 and 100%. According to statistics principle, the methods of inspection to eliminate abnormal data and data processing were given in order to make the data more credible. Finally, an example was presented for demonstration purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Droplet drift wastes pesticide, pollutes the environment, and has become one of the focus issues of agricultural crop protection. Electrostatic spray technology reduces drift to a certain degree. In order to investigate the droplet drift pattern of a conical electrostatic nozzle, the droplet drift mass center distance was defined as an experimental index and used to conduct experimental wind tunnel studies on droplet drift. A mathematical model of the droplet drift mass center distance versus electrostatic voltage and wind speed was created via the regression method. The test results showed that the electrostatic voltage had an insignificant effect on droplet drift, the wind speed and its interaction with the electrostatic voltage had significant effects on droplet drift. When the wind speed was less than 3 m/s and stable, the crop adsorbability of a droplet had a dominant effect on the droplet drift; the droplet drift decreased with the increase of electrostatic voltage. When the wind speed exceeded 3 m/s and was stable, the reduced droplet particle size had a dominant effect on droplet drift, where droplet drift increased as the electrostatic voltage increased. When the wind speed was 0 m/s and the electrostatic voltage was 12 kV, the minimum droplet drift mass center distance was 35.5 mm, which was 56 mm less than that of conventional nozzle droplet drift. Therefore, a conical electrostatic nozzle is inapplicable for operation in an environment where wind speeds exceed 3 m/s. This study provides a reference for optimizing operational parameters of conical electrostatic nozzles and improving the anti-drift capability of droplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]