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As traffic and population is increasing, it's monitoring and automation is finding a scope for development and it is emerging as a lucrative field for research and development. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are advanced applications which aim to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. Realizing its enormous potential in automation, this review work was built around ITS and its applications. As ITS majorly involves the Wireless Sensor Networks, it was also explored to some extent. Various architectures were explored and compared to deduce the strengths and weaknesses of proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groups of sensor nodes are called as sensor networks. They transmit sensed data to base station in cooperation with one another. An efficient use of power is important for increased network lifespan. Wireless sensor networks are tiny, light in weight, battery powered sensor nodes. Various parameters like clustering overhead, lifetime of network, energy hole, FND (first node dies) LND (last end dies) are optimized in WSN with the help of various proposed hybrid unequal clustering protocol. Another issue for data gathering in WSN is the hot spot or energy hole that are formed near sink node are also addressed. Various new emerging strategies laid stress on the best optimal usage of constrain resources like energy, memory and various other processing abilities. This paper addresses a review of different research works done in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]