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Structural changes of rapidly cooled ribbons of the amorphous alloys Al(Ni,Co,Fe)(Y,Gd,Nd,La), which occur during heating at a rate of 10 K/min and lead to a loss of ductility, have been investigated experimentally. It has been shown that samples of the studied alloys are divided into two groups, in the first of which the loss of ductility is due to the formation of a nanocomposite structure, whereas the embrittlement of samples in the second group is caused by processes of structural relaxation in the amorphous phase (decrease in the concentration of a free volume). It has been established for the first time that there is an empirical correlation between the dynamic temperature, after heating to which the alloys lose their ductility at room temperature, and the ratio of the shear modulus to the elastic modulus of the alloys, which is calculated from the nominal chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of preliminary (before irradiation) annealing of synthetic carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite powders on the formation of paramagnetic centers under γ-ray and ultraviolet irradiation has been investigated. Annealing of the samples has been performed in the temperature range from 100 to 700°C. It has been found that electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of radiation-induced defects depend substantially on the annealing temperature. The paramagnetic centers CO 2− dominate in the samples annealed to 250°C (γ-ray irradiation) and 500°C (ultraviolet irradiation). In the samples annealed above 400°C, other defects, in particular, the O − and CO 33− centers, play a significant role. Annealing at some temperatures leads to an increase in the radiation sensitivity of the material. The observed effects can be associated with the escape of molecular water from the annealed hydroxyapatite samples and with the corresponding transformation of the defect subsystem of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous metallic alloys (AMAs) AlYNi, AlGdNi, AlYGdNi, AlYGd1NiFe, and AlGdNiFe produced by melt spinning on a cooled substrate have been studied. Based on the data of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction, the activation energies of individual stages of crystal-lization, the sizes and volume fractions of nanocrystals in an amorphous matrix have been calculated. The alloying of AMAs with Y or Gd is shown to lead to the formation of particles with sizes of 9-15 nm at the first stage of nanocrystallization, which provides their high microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EPR studies of synthetic hydroxyapatite containing carbonate and nitrate ions exposed to γ-ray and UV irradiations have been performed. It has been found that γ irradiation leads to the formation of both NO and CO paramagnetic centers, while the UV irradiation induces only NO centers. To explain this fact, the hypothesis has been proposed, according to which in the hydroxyapatites studied, there coexist complexes consisting of nitrate ions and shallow electron traps that serve as sources of secondary electrons during UV irradiation. The EPR spectroscopy parameters ( g and A) of the detected centers have been determined and compared with similar centers in hydroxyapatite with a different impurity composition. The study of the thermal stability of the centers has demonstrated that, in the temperature range 20-300°C, the NO centers formed by UV irradiation are more stable than the same centers created by γ-ray irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]