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In this paper, a simple transformation of coordinates is proposed that facilitates the efficient simulation of the non-isothermal lithium-ion pseudo 2-D battery model. The transformed model is then conveniently discretized using orthogonal collocation with the collocation points in the spatial direction. The resulting system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) is solved using efficient adaptive solvers in time. A series of mathematical operations are performed to reformulate the model to enhance computational efficiency and programming convenience while maintaining accuracy even when non-linear or temperature dependent parameters are used. The transformed coordinate allows for efficient simulation and extension from cell sandwich to stack models. Furthermore, the transformation and reformulation techniques are used to simulate operation of an 8-cell battery stack subject to varying heat transfer coefficients as well as specified temperature boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network traffic prediction models can be grouped into two types, single models and combined ones. Combined models integrate several single models and thus can improve prediction accuracy. Based on wavelet transform, grey theory, and chaos theory, this paper proposes a novel combined model, wavelet-grey-chaos (WGC), for network traffic prediction. In the WGC model, we develop a time series decomposition method without the boundary problem by modifying the standard a trous algorithm, decompose the network traffic into two parts, the residual part and the burst part to alleviate the accumulated error problem, and employ the grey model GM(1,1) and chaos model to predict the residual part and the burst part respectively. Simulation results on real network traffic show that the WGC model does improve prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional steady-state arc model has been developed for simulating the behaviour of a twin-torch plasma system operating in an atmospheric argon environment. The governing equations for plasma flow, electric and magnetic fields are solved in a Cartesian coordinate system with suitable domain size and appropriate boundary conditions. Radiation from the arc is accounted for using the concept of net emission coefficient. Results over the current range 300-900 A suggest that the two arc columns attached, respectively, to anode and cathode are coupled by a thin tissue-like conducting layer with a thickness in the range 3-6 mm, serving as a critical part of the current path. Lorentz force resulting from the arc's current interacting with its own magnetic field plays a decisive role in bending the two arc columns and shaping the coupling zone. Turbulence is introduced to account for the effect resulting from instability of the coupling zone as observed in experiment and its effectiveness is analysed in detail using different length scale parameters. Suggestions to further improve the model are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]