1. Superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters: a sensitive tool for MR cellular imaging
- Author
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Chunfu Zhang, Hong Xu, Changming Cheng, Fenghua Xu, Xuan Xie, Duanzhi Yin, Fangjie Xu, and Hongchen Gu
- Subjects
Relaxometry ,Materials science ,Bioengineering ,Citric Acid ,Cell Line ,Magnetics ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Microscopy ,Animals ,Polyethyleneimine ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Magnetite ,Mechanical Engineering ,Cellular imaging ,General Chemistry ,Silicon Dioxide ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,chemistry ,Nanocrystal ,Mechanics of Materials ,Nanoparticles ,Polystyrene ,Citric acid ,Superparamagnetism ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Silica coated, PEI and citric acid hybrid superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters (SMNC) were synthesized using either a mini-emulsion/sol–gel method or a polyol technique. After careful characterization of the size, structure, composition, and magnetic properties, the as-synthesized SMNC were used for cell labeling while the MR detection sensitivity of cells labeled with silica SMNC was performed with a 3 T whole body MR scanner. TEM investigations revealed that the sizes of the SMNC were about 200 nm and the SMNC mainly consisted of magnetite nanoparticles imbedded in a PEI, citric acid or polystyrene scaffold. Silica and citric acid SMNC were highly negatively charged and PEI SMNC were positively charged. Relaxometry measurements revealed that these SMNC possessed a very high MR sensitivity (silica SMNC: r2 = 299 s −1 mM −1 ,P EI SMNC:r2 = 124 s −1 mM −1 ), especially for the citric acid SMNC (r2 = 360 s −1 mM −1 ). Furthermore, when used for cell (RAW264.7 cells) labeling, the SMNC had no adverse effect on cell viability, and the cell uptake of the SMNC show a dose- and time-dependent feature. MR imaging of cells labeled with silica SMNC indicated that cells with a concentration as low as 10 × 10 3 cells ml −1 could be detected with a 3 T MRI scanner. Our study demonstrated that superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters are a sensitive tool for cell imaging. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
- Published
- 2009