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Meat and meat-containing products represent one of the most difficult foundations for creating functional food, although according to the rules of healthy nutrition, meat is one of the most important food products along with vegetables, fruit, dairy products and fish. Implementation of the suggested technology of meat pate production using plant raw materials (broccoli cabbage) at food industry enterprises will expand the range of domestic products made from local natural raw materials. Essential amino acids such as tryptophan, lysine and methionine are also present in this unique product. It is also beneficial for the health of the patients who have undergone various surgical operations, because liver contains glycogen which is an excellent building material for cells and tissue. Broccoli cabbage has the following health benefits: it contains a unique combination of vitamins and minerals, and it also can compete with beef and chicken eggs in protein composition, tryptophan and lysine content. Food fiber and fiber fetlock contained in cabbage regulate the work of the gastrointestinal tract. The suggested formula and production technology of a new type of meat products (pate with the use of broccoli cabbage) allows obtaining a functional product with a reduced calorie rate, which is essential for healthy nutrition.

The high-voltage p+–p0–i–n0–n+ structures based on epitaxial gradual GaAs p0–i–n0 junction grown in hydrogen or argon atmosphere have been studied by capacitance-voltage spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy, DLTS, before and after neutron irradiation. After neutron irradiation, the broad bands associated with electron emission from the states lying above midgap appear in DLTS spectra of both p0–i–n0 GaAs structures. It is assumed that the carrier emission mechanism in the neutron-irradiated GaAs is the same as that in amorphous materials.

In the structure of the samples manufactured by the additive method of selective laser melting (SLM) of the Fe-based powder, particles were detected with a minimum size of 0.15 ± 0.05 μm, which were interpreted as germ objects of solidification. The model of additive samples hardening by nanoparticles was proposed, which were formed in the process of desublimations (condensation of metal vapors + crystallization) in the sequence: Metastable state to Segregation to Cluster to Nano-object.

It is known that atmospheric pressure surges affect the discharge of underground water sources in large artesian basins. In southern latitudes, the groundwater tables change insignificantly following the diurnal variations of atmospheric pressure. There is no information on the influence of rapid changes in atmospheric pressure on the position of the surface of the suprapermafrost waters and river flow in the Arctic region. The study of the diurnal course of the level of underground suprapermafrost and surface waters was carried out to identify the links of river flow with atmospheric phenomena and cryogenic processes. It was found that the daily atmospheric pressure drop with an amplitude of 1.2 kPa in the area of the small Ugolnaya-Dionisia river, located in the Anadyr lowland in Chukotka, led to a simultaneous decrease and then an increase in the level of suprapermafrost underground and surface river basin waters by 2.5-7.8 cm. This corresponds to a short-term decrease and then an increase in the river water discharge by more than 3.5 times. To clarify the factors that determine the mechanism of the influence of atmospheric pressure on the water level and river flow, a consideration of the hydrophysical properties of aquifer-containing peat soils was carried out. Compression tests revealed that the elasticity of the peat soils horizon remains within the range of 0-15 kPa, which contributes to a dynamic change in porosity even with a slight change in the external load. This means that the atmospheric pressure changes during weather development are sufficient to modify the water capacity of peat soils and deposit them, and then discharge a part of the suprapermafrost flow. The discovered pressure impact in the tundra soils of the permafrost zone is a unique mechanism for providing plants with moisture during droughts and reducing the risk of tundra fires. As part of the further study of the pressure impact, it is planned to conduct laboratory experiments to determine the quantitative parameters of the change in the peat soils moisture capacity under pressure drops in the atmosphere. Mathematical modeling of the capillary moisture capacity of peat soils will be performed under conditions of ambient load changes. The results of experiments and theoretical studies are assumed to be useful for predicting the flow of bogged-up river basins, design of reclamation, and irrigation of areas of peat soils distribution.

The atmospheric general circulation character during summer droughts over Eastern Europe / Western Russia and North America from 1970 – 2020 is examined here. A criterion to examine atmospheric drought events encompassed the summer season was used to determine which years were driest using precipitation, evaporation, and areal coverage. The relationship between drought and atmospheric character using the Dzerzeevsky climatic classification scheme, atmospheric blocking, teleconnections, and information entropy are used to study the atmospheric dynamics. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) re-analyses data set archived at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, CO, USA is used to examine the synoptic character and calculate the dynamic quantities for these dry events. The results demonstrate that extreme droughts over North America are associated with a long warm and dry period of weather and the development of a moderate ridge over the central USA driven by surface processes. Extreme droughts over Eastern Europe and Western Russia are driven by the occurrence of prolonged blocking episodes as well as surface processes.

The article describes a new version of a demonstration experiment for the Maxwell distribution. In the first part students analyse the applicability of the Gaussian distribution to the projection of the particle velocities in the suggested experiment. Further, students observe two-dimensional distribution of particles by the modulus of velocity in a mechanical demonstration model and compare the results with theoretical provisions. Demonstration of the two-dimensional version of the Maxwell distribution for particle interaction allows students to independently derive formulas for the three-dimensional Maxwell distribution for particles in an ideal gas. The use of the suggested demonstration ensures active engagement in fundamentally important physical content.

The chemical composition, distribution, structure, number of physiological groups of cultivated bacteria and their biodiversity in the cold carbonic mineral waters of Mukhen and in microbial mats were studied. It is shown that the mineral waters are cold, hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium, enriched with iron, manganese, barium. Carbon dioxide predominates in the gaseous composition of waters. Microbiological studies have shown that no sanitary-indicative microflora was found in mineral waters, which indicates the purity of underground waters. Carbonic waters were characterized by a low number of physiological groups of autochthonous bacteria. Among the studied microorganisms, chemolithotrophic thionic bacteria predominated, which indicates the predominance of oxidation processes of reduced sulfur compounds with the participation of bacteria in groundwater. In the microbial mats, various chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms were identified, participating in the geochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, manganese, and silicon. The number of physiological groups of bacteria was higher than in mineral waters, along with this saprophytic bacteria predominated significantly. A sufficiently high rate of protein and cellulose decomposition by microorganisms of microbial mats was shown. A low diversity of cultured heterotrophic bacteria with the dominance of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus was found in mineral waters and in microbial mats. By using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, the important role of microorganisms of microbial mats in the precipitation of silicate minerals and the formation of calcium carbonates was shown.

Within the watercourse valleys of geothermal zones, where manifestations of gas-hydrothermal activity are noted, the processes of relief formation are accompanied by chemical and thermal effects. Thermal waters contribute to the formation of specific accumulative landforms both directly in the channel and in the bottom and on the sides of river valleys. Similar phenomena have been studied in river valleys draining the slopes of the Mendeleev volcano (Kunashir Island), Baransky volcano (Iturup Island), Mutnovsky volcano and Uzon-Geyzernaya caldera (Kamchatka). The typification of accumulative relief forms is carried out, the influence of gas-hydrothermal manifestations on fluvial and slope processes is determined.

The process of transporting a liquid substance (oil, petroleum products, gas mixtures) the pipeline network and related engineering facilities, being a dynamically non-equilibrium physical system, are often carried out in extreme modes, which can form dangerous wave phenomena accompanied by various instabilities, generating undesirable consequences and even catastrophes. Similar phenomena can occur in technical devices and apparatuses containing in their design hydraulic networks for the transfer of continuous media (aircraft, energy objects). Eliminate (extinguish or reduce the intensity) such phenomena are possible in the shortest possible time by making additional structural changes to the pipeline network, which make it possible to use external devices for dynamic influence on the “liquid substance – pipeline” system and eliminate (or minimize) the possibility of negative wave effects. The paper is devoted to the problem of eliminating dangerous vibrations initiated by a liquid substance transported through a pipeline network, provided that time resources are spent minimally. A mathematical model of the wave process and the problem of optimal control over the speed of such a model are considered. The control effect on the “liquid substance-pipeline” system is carried out at the initial and final points of the pipeline network, while the necessary information about the state of the system is used in a finite number of points distributed along the entire length of the pipeline, which makes it possible to calculate external influences on the system. In order to simplify the presentation of the results, a linear carrier of a liquid substance is used (in applications, a pipeline without branches) and a one-dimensional wave equation – the length of the pipeline is much larger than its diameter.