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1. Muon Hunter: a Zooniverse project

Author

Amy Furniss, Lucy Fortson, R. A. Ong, J. Jarvis, I. Sadeh, M. K. Daniel, Ralph Bird, Reshmi Mukherjee, Hugh Dickinson, Q. Feng, and David A. Williams

Subjects
History, Artificial neural network, Event (computing), Calibration (statistics), Computer science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Convolutional neural network, Computer Science Applications, Education, Citizen science, sort, Artificial intelligence, Raw data, Function (engineering), business, computer, media_common
Abstract

The large datasets and often low signal-to-noise inherent to the raw data of modern astroparticle experiments calls out for increasingly sophisticated event classification techniques. Machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks, have the potential to outperform traditional analysis methods, but come with the major challenge of identifying reliably classified training samples from real data. Citizen science represents an effective approach to sort through the large datasets efficiently and meet this challenge. Muon Hunter is a project hosted on the Zooniverse platform, wherein volunteers sort through pictures of data from the VERITAS cameras to identify muon ring images. Each image is classified multiple times to produce a clean dataset used to train and validate a convolutional neural network model both able to reject background events and identify suitable calibration data to monitor the telescope performance as a function of time.

Published
2020
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2. Very-high energy observations of the galactic center region by veritas in 2010-2012

Author

W. Chen, J. P. Finley, A. N. Otte, M. P. Connolly, Daniel Nieto, Abraham D. Falcone, Karlen Shahinyan, Matteo Cerruti, Amy Furniss, A. Wilhelm, L. Ciupik, B. Zitzer, M. J. Lang, J. Grube, S. Kumar, Xuhui Chen, Sinéad M. Griffin, J. Tyler, A. O'Faolain de Bhroithe, E. Pueschel, J. H. Buckley, N. H. Park, R. A. Ong, M. Kertzman, John L. Quinn, P. Kaaret, J. V. Cardenzana, P. Moriarty, J. V. Tucci, Gernot Maier, C. A. Johnson, J. Biteau, S. Federici, Reshmi Mukherjee, Karen Byrum, J. D. Eisch, S. P. Wakely, A. Popkow, Ralph Bird, Martin Pohl, A. Weinstein, S. T. Griffiths, S. McArthur, J. Dumm, G. H. Sembroski, Q. Feng, J. S. Perkins, Anna Barnacka, N. Galante, A. Archer, R. Welsing, A. McCann, Wei Cui, Anna Zajczyk, David A. Williams, A. W. Smith, V. Bugaev, Gordon T. Richards, David Kieda, E. Roache, P. Kar, D. Staszak, K. Ragan, K. Meagher, Jean-Francois Rajotte, Matthias Beilicke, Lucy Fortson, K. Berger, Henric Krawczynski, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, S. Vincent, Y. Khassen, Hugh Dickinson, D. S. Hanna, A. Varlotta, Wystan Benbow, G. Hughes, N. Håkansson, Henrike Fleischhack, H. Prokoph, and Geza Gyuk

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxy: center, Dark matter, black hole physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, molecular clouds, gamma-ray source, gamma rays: galaxies, emission, crab-nebula, Supernova remnant, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, variability, Galactic Center, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, source catalog, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, methods: data analysis, Galaxy, dark-matter, Space and Planetary Science, astroparticle physics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, sgr-a-asterisk, magic telescope, discovery, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The Galactic center is an interesting region for high-energy (0.1-100 GeV) and very-high-energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations. Potential sources of GeV/TeV gamma-ray emission have been suggested, e.g., the accretion of matter onto the supermassive black hole, cosmic rays from a nearby supernova remnant (e.g. SgrA East), particle acceleration in a plerion, or the annihilation of dark matter particles. The Galactic center has been detected by EGRET and by Fermi/LAT in the MeV/GeV energy band. At TeV energies, the Galactic center was detected with moderate significance by the CANGAROO and Whipple 10 m telescopes and with high significance by H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS. We present the results from three years of VERITAS observations conducted at large zenith angles resulting in a detection of the Galactic center on the level of 18 standard deviations at energies above ~2.5TeV. The energy spectrum is derived and is found to be compatible with hadronic, leptonic and hybrid emission models discussed in the literature. Future, more detailed measurements of the high-energy cutoff and better constraints on the high-energy flux variability will help to refine and/or disentangle the individual models., 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2014
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3. TeV and Multi-wavelength Observations of Mrk 421 in 2006-2008

Author

Carolin Villforth, Matthias Beilicke, P. Kaaret, A. Pichel, M. Ouellette, S. Vincent, A. Pease, R. G. Wagner, Gernot Maier, J. E. Ward, C. M. Hui, Wystan Benbow, A. Sillanpää, Michael T. Carini, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, M. McCutcheon, K. Ragan, A. Konopelko, Andrei Berdyugin, S. P. Swordy, D. S. Hanna, T. C. Arlen, A. Imran, S. McArthur, V. A. Acciari, R. Dickherber, M. Kertzman, N. Karlsson, D. Steele, Karen Byrum, T. B. Humensky, P. T. Reynolds, S. Thibadeau, E. Nieppola, E. Lindfors, G. H. Sembroski, M. Schroedter, J. S. Perkins, K. Nilsson, D. Boltuch, Hugh D. Aller, G. Demet Senturk, A. C. Rovero, R. Guenette, Geza Gyuk, P. Moriarty, Nicola Galante, Stephanie Wissel, Wei Cui, Amy Furniss, M. J. Lang, M. F. Aller, Alfred Garson, A. Cesarini, David A. Williams, T. Aune, L. O. Takalo, Jamie Holder, R. A. Ong, Thomas Weisgarber, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, David Kieda, L. C. Reyes, John L. Quinn, H. J. Rose, G. Finnegan, C. Duke, Robert J. Walters, E. Roache, Matthew J.A. Wood, S. M. Bradbury, V. V. Vassiliev, Abraham D. Falcone, A. C. Sadun, Lucy Fortson, E. Aliu, Henric Krawczynski, A. J.R. Weinstein, A. Varlotta, L. Ciupik, J. Sainio, A. Cannon, D. Pandel, V. Bugaev, T. Montaruli, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Baker, Anne Lähteenmäki, Kyle Cook, B. Zitzer, J. Grube, S. Smith, J. P. Finley, T. C. Weekes, J. H. Buckley, F. Krennrich, M. Pasanen, M. Theiling, A. N. Otte, Merja Tornikoski, Jeremy D. Maune, D. Barnaby, M. Pohl, and K. Lee

Subjects
individual (Mrk 421) [BL Lacertae objects], galaxies [Gamma rays], Ciencias Físicas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, bl-lacertae objects, FOS: Physical sciences, Multi wavelength, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, ray timing explorer, energy gamma-rays, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, Telescope, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Observatory, law, blazar markarian-421, 0103 physical sciences, gamma rays: galaxies, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, x-rays: galaxies, Cherenkov radiation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, particle-acceleration, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], galaxies: jets, Redshift, Astronomía, large-area telescope, x-ray, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, correlated variability, nuclei [Galaxies], active galactic nuclei, jets [Galaxies], bl lacertae objects: individual (mrk 421), galaxies: nuclei, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, log-parabolic spectra
Abstract

We report on TeV gamma-ray observations of the blazar Mrk 421 (redshift of 0.031) with the VERITAS observatory and the Whipple 10m Cherenkov telescope. The excellent sensitivity of VERITAS allowed us to sample the TeV gamma-ray fluxes and energy spectra with unprecedented accuracy where Mrk 421 was detected in each of the pointings. A total of 47.3 hrs of VERITAS and 96 hrs of Whipple 10m data were acquired between January 2006 and June 2008. We present the results of a study of the TeV gamma-ray energy spectra as a function of time, and for different flux levels. On May 2nd and 3rd, 2008, bright TeV gamma-ray flares were detected with fluxes reaching the level of 10 Crab. The TeV gamma-ray data were complemented with radio, optical, and X-ray observations, with flux variability found in all bands except for the radio waveband. The combination of the RXTE and Swift X-ray data reveal spectral hardening with increasing flux levels, often correlated with an increase of the source activity in TeV gamma-rays. Contemporaneous spectral energy distributions were generated for 18 nights, each of which are reasonably described by a one-zone SSC model., Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ

Published
2011
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4. Veritas observations of the tev binary ls i +61° 303 during 2008-2010

Author

A. McCann, R. Dickherber, S. Thibadeau, E. Aliu, Sinéad M. Griffin, Wystan Benbow, M. P. Connolly, Gareth Hughes, R. Guenette, M. Kertzman, Gernot Maier, D. B. Saxon, N. H. Park, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, J. H. Buckley, A. N. Otte, Henric Krawczynski, Jamie Holder, M. J. Lang, L. Ciupik, S. Vincent, A. J.R. Weinstein, J. S. Perkins, M. Vivier, L. C. Reyes, A. Varlotta, Reshmi Mukherjee, J. E. Ward, G. H. Sembroski, R. A. Ong, Thomas Weisgarber, M. Pohl, P. Moriarty, Nicola Galante, B. Zitzer, Geza Gyuk, Pratik Majumdar, S. LeBohec, J. Grube, Manel Errando, David A. Williams, F. Krennrich, A. D. Falcone, S. M. Bradbury, Matthew R. Orr, K. Tsurusaki, D. B. Kieda, Lucy Fortson, J. P. Finley, M. Theiling, D. Staszak, Victor A. Acciari, K. Ragan, G. Demet Senturk, C. M. Hui, Wei Cui, T. C. Weekes, Amy Furniss, A. Cannon, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, H. J. Rose, H. Prokoph, V. V. Vassiliev, N. Karlsson, T. Aune, J. Ruppel, S. McArthur, V. Bugaev, Karen Byrum, G. Finnegan, A. W. Smith, C. Duke, M. Schroedter, E. Roache, A. Cesarini, G. Tešić, John L. Quinn, P. Kaaret, E. Collins-Hughes, T. B. Humensky, D. S. Hanna, T. C. Arlen, P. T. Reynolds, and Matthias Beilicke

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ls-i-+61-303, FOS: Physical sciences, Proportional counter, Flux, Binary number, Astrophysics, orbital modulation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, spectrum, Telescope, law, jet, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), microquasar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, high-energy emission, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, gamma-ray emission, radio, Orbit, Crab Nebula, binaries: general, x-ray, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, x-rays: binaries, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

We present the results of observations of the TeV binary LS I +61 303 with the VERITAS telescope array between 2008 and 2010, at energies above 300 GeV. In the past, both ground-based gamma-ray telescopes VERITAS and MAGIC have reported detections of TeV emission near the apastron phases of the binary orbit. The observations presented here show no strong evidence for TeV emission during these orbital phases; however, during observations taken in late 2010, significant emission was detected from the source close to the phase of superior conjunction (much closer to periastron passage) at a 5.6 standard deviation (5.6 sigma) post-trials significance. In total, between October 2008 and December 2010 a total exposure of 64.5 hours was accumulated with VERITAS on LS I +61 303, resulting in an excess at the 3.3 sigma significance level for constant emission over the entire integrated dataset. The flux upper limits derived for emission during the previously reliably active TeV phases (i.e. close to apastron) are less than 5% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy range. This result stands in apparent contrast to previous observations by both MAGIC and VERITAS which detected the source during these phases at >10% of the Crab Nebula flux. During the two year span of observations, a large amount of X-ray data were also accrued on LS I +61 303 by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Timing (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA). We find no evidence for a correlation between emission in the X-ray and TeV regimes during 20 directly overlapping observations. We also comment on data obtained contemporaneously by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT)., Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 21 pages, 3 tables, 6 figures

Published
2011

5. Multiwavelength Observations of the very high energy Blazar 1ES2344+514

Author

L. Ciupik, E. Aliu, R. Dickherber, P. Kaaret, R. Guenette, B. Zitzer, J. E. Ward, Gernot Maier, S. P. Swordy, A. Varlotta, S. P. Wakely, D. Boltuch, A. N. Otte, D. S. Hanna, T. C. Arlen, A. Imran, Daniel Gall, Amanda Weinstein, A. Cannon, Thomas Brian Humensky, P. Cogan, M. Schroedter, Lucy Fortson, R. A. Ong, F. Krennrich, Matthew Wood, D. Pandel, Vladimir Vassiliev, Pierre Colin, S. LeBohec, J. S. Perkins, K. Ragan, M. Theiling, Henric Krawczynski, A. Konopelko, J. P. Finley, A. W. Smith, Amy Furniss, Reshmi Mukherjee, Matthias Beilicke, J. A. Toner, T. C. Weekes, Martin Pohl, G. H. Sembroski, A. D. Falcone, P. Moriarty, John Kildea, Stephanie Wissel, David Kieda, T. Weisgarber, J. Grube, Jamie Holder, P. T. Reynolds, Rick Wagner, S. Vincent, David A. Williams, C. M. Hui, Wystan Benbow, Geza Gyuk, V. Bugaev, V. A. Acciari, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, S. J. Fegan, D. Steele, M. J. Lang, A. Pichel, T. Aune, N. Karlsson, John L. Quinn, D. Horan, M. Kertzman, and G. H. Gillanders

Subjects
Photon, Ciencias Físicas, bl-lacertae objects, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, Telescope, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], law, veritas, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies, strong flares, individual, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, markarian 501, 1ES 2344+514, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, spectral variability, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], gamma-ray emission, Galaxy, Massless particle, bl lacertae objects: individual (ies 2344+514), radiation, Astronomía, einstein slew survey, Crab Nebula, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, correlated variability, cherenkov telescopes, BL Lacertae objects, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Flare
Abstract

Multiwavelength observations of the high-frequency-peaked blazar 1ES 2344+514 were performed from October 2007 to January 2008. The campaign represents the first contemporanous data on the object at very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray, X-ray, and UV energies. Observations with VERITAS in VHE gamma-rays yield a strong detection of 20 sigmas with 633 excess events in a total exposure of 18.1 hours live-time. A strong VHE gamma-ray flare on December 7, 2007 is measured at F(>300 GeV) = (6.76 ± 0.62) × 10^-11 cm^-2 s^-1 , corresponding to 48% of the Crab Nebula flux. Excluding this flaring episode, nightly variability at lower fluxes is observed with a time-averaged mean of F(>300 GeV) = (1.06 ± 0.09) × 10^-11 cm^-2 s^-1 (7.6% of the Crab Nebula flux). The differential photon spectrum between 390 GeV and 8.3 TeV for the time-averaged observations excluding December 7, 2007 is well described by a power law with a photon index of 2.78 ± 0.09 (stat) ± 0.15 (syst). A slightly harder photon index of 2.43 ± 0.22stat ± 0.15syst is measured on the flaring night of December 7, 2007. Over the full period of VERITAS observations contemporaneous X-ray and UV data were taken with Swift and RXTE. Variability by a factor of ~7 is evident in the 2-10 keV flux between nightly observations. On December 8, 2007 the highest ever observed X-ray flux from 1ES 2344+514 was measured by Swift XRT at a flux of F(2-10 keV) = (6.58 ± 0.37) × 10^-11 erg cm^-2 s^-1. Evidence for a correlation between the X-ray flux and VHE gamma-ray flux on nightly time-scales is indicated with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.60 ± 0.11. Contemporaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 1ES 2344+514 are presented for two distinct flux states. A one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model describes both SEDs using parameters consistent with previous SSC modeling of 1ES 2344+514 from non-contemporaneous observations. Fil: Acciari, V. A.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos Fil: Aliu, E.. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Arlen, T.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Aune, T.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Beilicke, M.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Benbow, W.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos Fil: Boltuch, D.. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Bugaev, V.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Cannon, A.. University College Dublin; Irlanda Fil: Ciupik, L.. Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; Estados Unidos Fil: Cogan, P.. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Colin, P.. University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Dickherber, R.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Falcone, A.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos Fil: Fegan, S. J.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Finley, J. P.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos Fil: Fortin, P.. Columbia University; Estados Unidos Fil: Fortson, L. F.. Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; Estados Unidos Fil: Furniss, A.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Gall, D.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos Fil: Gillanders, G. H.. National University of Ireland; Irlanda Fil: Grube, J.. University College Dublin; Irlanda Fil: Guenette, R.. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Gyup, G.. Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; Estados Unidos Fil: Hanna, D.. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Holder, J.. University of Delaware; Estados Unidos Fil: Horan, D.. Ecole Polytechnique; Francia Fil: Hui, C. M.. University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Humensky, T. B.. University Of Chicago; Estados Unidos Fil: Pichel, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina

Published
2011
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6. Erratum: 'multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3c 66a in 2008 october' (2011, apj, 726, 43)

Author

Luca Baldini, Reshmi Mukherjee, Carla Buemi, I. de la Calle Perez, A. Varlotta, Wystan Benbow, Mn Mazziotta, Jamie Holder, J. P. Norris, A. Morselli, A. D. Falcone, V. Vitale, Henric Krawczynski, T. A. Porter, Takaaki Tanaka, J. Bregeon, P. Kaaret, Stefano Ciprini, David Sanchez, A. Bouvier, Keith Bechtol, J. M. Lopez, Stephen Fegan, P. D. Smith, J. Grube, A. Cannon, R. Turchetti, Manel Errando, Sang Hun Lee, Igor V. Moskalenko, D. Dumora, J. Mehault, T. Aune, J. Lande, J. E. Ward, F. Gargano, D. Pandel, T. Glanzman, P. Calcidese, S. M. Bradbury, A. Berduygin, Marco Ajello, Jun Kataoka, Olaf Reimer, Paul J. Wang, Mauro Dolci, T. Ylinen, D. Capezzali, Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn, Seth Digel, H. Y. Hsiao, S. Buson, H. F.W. Sadrozinski, V. Bugaev, R. Bellazzini, V. A. Acciari, S. P. Swordy, J. Saino, G. Tešić, Steven Ritz, F. Piron, D. Parent, Vladimir Vassiliev, Luca Latronico, Julie McEnery, Benoit Lott, Anne Lähteenmäki, A. S. Johnson, S. Cutini, A. Konopelko, Joachim Ripken, Ekaterina Koptelova, Brian L Winer, Martin Pohl, Kari Nilsson, G. Tosti, P. L. Nolan, N. Gehrels, Uwe Bach, Corrado Trigilio, Wen Ping Chen, J. M. Casandjian, Geza Gyuk, S. Rainò, K. Ragan, A. McCann, Roger W. Romani, P. Moriarty, Gernot Maier, Karen Byrum, A. Chekhtman, Michele Fumagalli, D. Boltuch, Talvikki Hovatta, A. N. Otte, D. J. Suson, G. H. Sembroski, A. A. Moiseev, M. Pepe, M. G. Nikolashvili, A. Sievers, Ivan Agudo, D. Carosati, Deborah Dultzin, R. Dickherber, C. M. Raiteri, S. P. Wakely, D. Riquelme, Daniel Gall, Cullen H. Blake, M. Schroedter, R. A. Ong, B. Berenji, S. McArthur, Raúl Mújica, M. Razzano, T. L. Usher, Ryosuke Itoh, M. J. Lang, C. C. Cheung, M. Sorcia, D. da Rio, David S. Davis, G.L. Godfrey, J. F. Ormes, E. Do Couto E Silva, Lars Fuhrmann, E. Cavazzuti, Mark Gurwell, G. Umana, P. Spinelli, L. O. Takalo, Francesco Longo, Mar Roca-Sogorb, Claudia Cecchi, Hugh D. Aller, Atsushi Okumura, S. Thibadeau, Richard Dubois, L. A. Sigua, Elina Lindfors, J. S. Perkins, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Markus Böttcher, A. C. Sadun, N. Karlsson, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, David Hiriart, L. Ciupik, J. H. Panetta, C. Diltz, Merja Tornikoski, Tyrel J. Johnson, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Jason X. Prochaska, R. A. Cameron, Omer Celik, C. M. Hui, F. Loparco, W. N. Johnson, Charles D. Dermer, N. Galante, Diego F. Torres, E. Forné, S. LeBohec, Lucy Fortson, C. Monte, Rumen Bachev, Matthew Wood, M. Pasanen, M. McCutcheon, E. Charles, Jochen Heidt, S. Carrigan, Amy Furniss, P. Bruel, A. Tramacere, G. Demet Senturk, F. de Palma, H. Ungerechts, Stephan Wagner, G. Finnegan, A. W. Smith, Stefan Funk, O. M. Kurtanidze, M. Ziegler, José L. Gómez, Gloria Spandre, J. G. Thayer, A. Halkola, D. Hadasch, James Chiang, A. Sander, M. F. Aller, J. E. Grove, P. Roustazadeh, D. Horan, Roger Blandford, Zhenwei Yang, P. T. Reynolds, Hideaki Katagiri, E. Roache, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, E. Hays, David Kieda, Yasushi Fukazawa, David A. Williams, Amanda Weinstein, N. Vilchez, R. Guenette, Hiromitsu Takahashi, J. H. Buckley, M. Kertzman, R. Ligustri, Markus Ackermann, E. Nuss, M. S. Shaw, David Paneque, E. Aliu, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, T. Kamae, M. Roth, M. Kuss, Erika Benítez, Emmanouil Angelakis, Jürgen Knödlseder, A. W. Borgland, Nicola Omodei, P. Fusco, F. Krennrich, Valeri M. Larionov, P. Lubrano, M. Hayashida, A. A. Abdo, E. Orlando, N. Palma, J. Ballet, A. Cesarini, D. Starr, Tatiana S. Konstantinova, G. N. Kimeridze, M. Theiling, I. Nestoras, S. Vincent, J. Dashti, Josh Bloom, Jan Conrad, S. Germani, R. Buehler, R. E. Hughes, F. Giordano, Alan P. Marscher, J. P. Finley, John L. Quinn, Luis C. Reyes, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, Emanuele Bonamente, A. Reimer, A. Pichel, P. Giommi, J. A. Ros, D. Steele, M. Ozaki, T. C. Weekes, D. J. Thompson, M. Hauser, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, R. Claus, A. Sillanää, M. S. Strickman, P. Beltrame, Tomaso Belloni, G. A. Caliandro, L. Guillemot, A. A. Arkharov, M. Naumann-Godo, A. P. Waite, Jeffrey D. Scargle, Marco Frailis, K. S. Wood, V. Vasileiou, D. Gasparrini, T. Ohsugi, Paolo Leto, M. Brigida, A. Brez, A. Di Paola, V. Pelassa, Nicola Giglietto, I. A. Grenier, D. S. Hanna, S. G. Jorstad, T. C. Arlen, A. Imran, L. Costamante, M. N. Lovellette, Stephanie Wissel, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Gudlaugur Johannesson, M. Villata, Michael Mommert, Justin Vandenbroucke, T. Weisgarber, Guido Barbiellini, Takeshi Nakamori, Thomas Brian Humensky, E. N. Kopatskaya, Matthias Beilicke, L. Tibaldo, Wei Cui, A. Makeev, M. E. Monzani, C. Favuzzi, Jodi Christiansen, J. B. Thayer, J. A. Zensus, S. Murgia, Denis Bastieri, and Sylvain Guiriec

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Multi wavelength, Astrophysics, Blazar
Published
2011

7. Erratum: 'veritas observations of a very high energy γ-ray flare from the blazar 3c 66a' (2009, apj, 693, l104)

Author

A. Varlotta, John Kildea, M. J. Lang, M. Beilicke, Wystan Benbow, Henric Krawczynski, R. G. Wagner, J. P. Finley, Lucy Fortson, Matthew Wood, A. Cannon, Martin Pohl, G. H. Sembroski, D. Pandel, Yousaf M. Butt, J. A. Toner, N. Karlsson, M. McCutcheon, A. McCann, C. M. Hui, T. C. Weekes, R. Dickherber, P. Moriarty, E. Hays, J. Grube, L. Ciupik, J. S. Perkins, Thomas Brian Humensky, V. Bugaev, V. A. Acciari, Stephanie Wissel, Geza Gyuk, David A. Williams, E. Aliu, Y. C. Chow, Reshmi Mukherjee, D. Horan, Amanda Weinstein, David Kieda, R. Guenette, M. K. Daniel, R. A. Ong, M. Kertzman, D. Petry, B. Zitzer, Gernot Maier, K. Ragan, S. M. Bradbury, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, A. Konopelko, Markus Böttcher, S. LeBohec, P. Kaaret, S. P. Wakely, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, S. P. Swordy, S. J. Fegan, Daniel Gall, O. Celik, D. Steele, F. Pizlo, Karen Byrum, D. S. Hanna, T. C. Arlen, M. Schroedter, A. Imran, Jamie Holder, J. E. Ward, Wei Cui, A. Cesarini, A. N. Otte, John L. Quinn, A. W. Smith, J. Millis, K. G. Gibbs, E. Roache, A. D. Falcone, P. Cogan, Luis C. Reyes, Vladimir Vassiliev, Amy Furniss, Tulun Ergin, F. Krennrich, M. Theiling, J. H. Buckley, P. T. Reynolds, and T. Nagai

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Blazar, Flare, law.invention
Published
2010

8. VERITAS Very High Energy Gamma-ray Observations of Galaxies

Author

Amy Furniss

Subjects
Physics, History, High energy, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Radiation imaging, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Telescope, law, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Remarkable progress has been made in very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) gamma-ray astrophysics in the last decade. The VHE source catalog has increased tenfold, with a wide variety of source classes, and includes more than 45 extragalactic objects. Currently, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) has made observations of numerous source candidates, both galactic and extragalactic, including more than 100 galaxies. The last 18 months of observations are especially noteworthy as they have been completed in a new array configuration, following the relocation of one of the four 12–meter telescopes. This new configuration has yielded a significant increase in the VERITAS sensitivity to gamma-ray sources above 100 GeV, resulting in several new source detections in the first few months of operations alone. To date, the VERITAS extragalactic source catalog includes various blazars, the radio galaxy M87 and the starburst galaxy M82. Highlights from the VERITAS extragalactic observation program are summarized here.

Published
2012
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