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We demonstrate a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to effectively shape the incident light with strong robustness and short optimization time. The performance of the modified PSO algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) is numerically simulated. Then, using a high speed digital micromirror device, we carry out light focusing experiments with the modified PSO algorithm and GA. The experimental results show that the modified PSO algorithm has greater robustness and faster convergence speed than GA. This modified PSO algorithm has great application prospects in optical focusing and imaging inside in vivo biological tissue, which possesses a complicated background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]