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Streamer discharges generated by nanosecond high-voltage pulses have gained attraction for a variety of reasons, but mainly because they are very efficient for a number of plasma-processing applications. More specifically, researchers have noted that the pulse duration and the rise time of the applied high-voltage pulse have a significant influence on the radical yield of the transient plasmas generated with these pulses; shorter pulses result in higher yields. With the need to study transient plasmas generated by these short pulses comes the need to understand how to generate those pulses and to understand the interaction between the pulse source and the discharge. In this topical review, we will explore the different methods with which to generate nanosecond high-voltage pulses, how the interaction between the pulse source and the discharge may influence the source and the discharge and how to optimize the energy transfer from the pulse source to the discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate temperature and pressure effects on the properties of a positive pulsed streamer plasma. We use a corona plasma setup in which we vary the temperature between 303 and 773K at atmospheric pressure and the pressure between 37.9 and 100 kPa at room temperature to achieve the same neutral gas density and compare electrical and optical (ICCD imaging) measurements carried out in both experiments. From the measurements we found that the dissipated plasma energy and the average streamer propagation velocity are both higher for the temperature experiments at the same neutral gas densities as in the pressure experiments. This suggests the existence of a specific temperature effect. A possible explanation for this effect is a higher streamer conductivity at high temperatures, as was previously found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this study is the investigation of spark discharges ignited by unipolar positive rectangular high voltage (HV) pulses with 200 ps rise time and (15 ± 2) kV amplitude with 3 ns duration full width at half maximum in synthetic air in a 1.2 mm pin-to-pin gap (tungsten electrodes) at atmospheric pressure. The discharge development was recorded by synchronised iCCD and streak camera measurements in single-shot operation, revealing a two-stage propagation mode. The discharge started with a fast initial breakdown across the entire gap (∼10 mm ns−1) during the HV slope, followed by a much slower (∼0.1 mm ns−1) propagation originating from both electrodes towards the gap centre. The combination of high-resolution diagnostics with numerical modelling indicated that the initial breakdown phase is caused by the rapid increase of electric field strength during the steep HV slope, which leads to the simultaneous fast propagation of a positive and a negative streamer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]