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This article discusses the possibility of connecting an ESP8266 microcontroller to a learning game developed on the Unity3D game engine. The game is aimed at teaching and developing the skills of students, such as mathematics, physics, programming and the basics of robotics. The paper presents a diagram of the interaction of the microcontroller and the game, as well as a comparative analysis of the Arduino and ESP8266 platforms. Comparison of the Arduino firmware process via USB and ESP8266 over Wi-Fi is carried out. It was possible to establish that the firmware by air takes an average of 2 seconds more, which does not affect the gameplay.

To solve the problem that traditional Kinking equipment can not meet the needs of handcrafters today. The system to automation, intelligence asa breakthrough point, the use of STC12C5A60S2 micro-controller as the control core of the entire system, through the Hall encoder, film keyboard, LCD display, so that producers can use only keys to control the wire-tanger, and can be real-time from the display to observe the state of work, so as to achieve low-cost, high-efficiency wire production. Experiments show that in the case of 14 hours of continuous work, the tanger can still complete the normal tanger work and the accuracy rate is as high as 99.8percent. Low cost, good stability, high efficiency, small size, wire-tanger can assist people’s production and life, to achieve the goal of efficient production.

A brief overview of computer-aided design (CAD) systems widely used in Russia is presented, and the main requirements for tracing PCB boards are given. The main features of the actively developing cloud CAD system EasyEDA are shown, and the expediency of its use is justified. The idea of creating low-cost electronic training boards based on the PIC16F887 microcontroller for studying the basics of microprocessor technology is presented. Electronic training boards demonstrate all the capabilities of the microcontroller – the operation of the I/O ports, serial port, analog-to-digital converter( ADC), with a two-line liquid crystal display (LCD), with temperature sensors, with a DC motor, with a stepper motor, etc. The experience of developing a budget electronic training boards based on a PIC microcontroller in EasyEDA, which can be used to study the programming of microcontrollers, is shown. Shown are the possibilities of using the jlcpcb.com service to order PCB boards in the largest PCB prototyping enterprise in China, called JLCPCB.

As a controller, the functions that need to be realized are very limited, and there is no need for large-scale calculation, a very simple single-chip microcomputer can be competent. However, it is necessary to make the single-chip microcomputer exquisite and powerful, that is, integrate one or more cores of RFID, ZigBee and PLC in the chip, so as to reduce the volume of the control system and realize embedded system.

A microcontroller is a compressed microcomputer manufactured to control embedded systems in office machines, robots, home appliances, motor vehicles, and several other gadgets. This device has played significant and essential roles in daily human life. Unfortunately, an in-depth analysis related to microcontrollers has not been found. Hence, it is compulsory to conduct a comprehensive analysis to understand better the research themes and trends in a specific scientific scope. This study aims to determine the extent of the research development on microcontrollers carried out throughout 2017-2021 through bibliometric analysis. From the bibliometric analysis that has been performed, we can conclude that research on microcontrollers is dominated by sensors, algorithms, voltage, and power. On the other hand, research that shows the relationship between solar panels and microcontrollers is still lacking. With this finding, it is hoped that researchers will focus their research on potential topics that are rarely looked at.

A LabVIEWTM based VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT (VI) system is designed with the aid of an Arduino-Uno microcontroller, which is used as a data acquisition system for collecting data from an AC magnetic susceptometer operating in the range of 10 Hz to 10 kHz. The magnetic susceptometer system was indigenously built using standard modules/components and is capable of measuring AC magnetic susceptibility from room temperature down to 100 K. The proposed VI can have diverse applications and may be modified according to the user requirements. Herein, we have decided to focus its applicability on the automation of an AC susceptometer integrated with an inexpensive signal processing unit comprising an AD630-based lock-in-amplifier and an ICL8038-based signal generator. Data from the lock-in- amplifier, the signal generator, and the temperature sensor are interfaced to a computer via an Arduino-Uno microcontroller. A program (VI) developed using LabVIEW is used to acquire and record in a PC the data from the AC magnetic susceptometer.

This research was to detect leakage of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) gas automatically. Design of this device consists of a gas detection sensors LPG MQ-2, which serves to detect the levels of LPG in the air, the sensor signal analog is converted to digital by the ADC and processed by a microcontroller Arduino Uno to command activation of the buzzer and SMS (short message service), sensor system is also capable of displaying a LPG gas concentration detected by the LCD in ppm. The study was conducted at three different space conditions of the open, semi-open and closed, based on the distance detection and characterization. The analysis of the data obtained, that the tool to work optimally at a distance of 3 cm closer to the source of the leak tool then the maximum LPG gas leak detection tools. Based on the characterization of the sensor that is an accuracy of 1 V to 2.6 V and repeatability error of the three conditions of the room is < 10%, so that the tool is expected to cope with and anticipate the risk of accidents due to leakage of LPG gas early and real time.

This paper has designed an automatic pet feeder based on single chip microcomputer, in order to solve the problem that pets from eating normally on time because of people often work overtime or go on business trips. The system uses STC89C52 microcontroller as the core to control each module to work. First, the single-chip microcomputer STC89C52 determines the real-time time by reading the DS1302 real-time clock chip, and displays the current real-time time through the LCD1602 liquid crystal, and then through the control buttons you can modify the real-time time and set the feeding time. After setting the time, the program will constantly compare the feeding time with the real-time time. When the feeding time is reached, the buzzer will play a specific signal to attract pets to eat, and at the same time, the motor module drives the stepper motor to rotate the food. The system can replace the owner to realize the function of feeding pets regularly.

Internet of things technology is a new technology recently developed, it also belongs to an area of information technology, and its appearance makes it means more perfect and mature. At present, industrial automation is the trend of the development of the present era, and the single chip microcomputer is the core of industrial automation. It is the core system of process control, process monitoring and Mechatronics integrated control of industrial automation. With the rapid development of single chip microcomputer, especially the hardware of MCU. These changes have brought great changes to the development language of SCM software. The development of SCM control system to intelligent control gradually improves the development efficiency of the system, and also ensures the quality of products. In order to explore the application effect of Internet of things technology in the TMACS(temperature measurement and control system) design and development of single chip microcomputer, we choose h and G factories as experimental research objects, among which h factory applies Internet of things technology in its single chip microcomputer working system, and factory g still adopts conventional methods. From the experimental results, we can see that the accuracy of H plant is up to 95%, while the highest accuracy rate of plant G is only 75%, which is 20% lower than that of H plant.

In recent years, as a result of the significant development of information and communications technology, people have been paying much attention to automated guided vehicles (AGVs). In the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospital services have been seriously impacted. In the severe medical situation in hospitals, there is a serious shortage of human resources. This paper presents a novel automated guided vehicle (AGV) for guidance and service. The AGV is comprised of a microcontroller unit (MCU), a power unit, a human sensing unit, a collision warning unit, and a path sensing unit. The motion speed of the AGV and the distance between the AGV and the person being guided are determined by the MCU, the power unit, sensors, and an algorithm. The collision warning unit comprises three ultrasonic sensors and an infrared sensor in the front of the AGV in order to avoid obstacles. The trajectory results of the planned and actual paths are in good agreement. The AGV provides safe and effective guidance for people moving towards their destination. The AGV achieves excellent guidance results and shows great potential for guidance applications in hospitals.

Aiming at the problem that the existing sonar array placement methods are not intelligent and rely heavily on human resources, a remote Array Placement System Based on ATmega2560 microcontroller is designed to place the array remotely and accurately through the remote controller. This design can promote the Unmanned degree and accurate operation of Sonar array placement.

This work reports on flexible cost-effective memristor (MR) device synthesis, using Pt/GO/Cu structure. The MR is fabricated on flexible substrate and it preserves its switching ability at a bending angle of up to 60o. Compared to the state of the art, in our fabrication method, the GO film is deposited directly to the device using spin coating. The fabricated MR stack exhibits tunable volatility based on the used compliance current, which expands its application horizon for memory, computing and security schemes. In this work, the non-volatile regime along with the natural stochasticity of the switching behavior of the device, named SecureMem, are utilized for efficient true random number generation. A prototype of the full system interfacing with microcontroller is built to get SecureMem ready for integration with other circuits and systems. The randomness of the data generated by SecureMem prototype is confirmed by passing all National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests without any post-processing or hardware overhead. SecureMem is considered a great asset as it provides new insights for highly efficient cost-effective hardware security in smart wearable devices.

In the modern world there is continual requirement for automated devices. The COVID-19 pandemic is the expounding global health emergency of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced in many years. Authors have to move on by implementing strong protective measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This model is designed and presented in order to count the visitors along with their sanitization and thermal screening. This system can be used in any auditorium, halls, schools, offices, malls, etc. Authors have designed a model which can keep a track on number of people entering and exiting from the hall. It sanitizes the visitors entering and exiting from the hall, and check the temperature of each visitor entering in the hall. If the temperature is not according to COVID – 19 standards then a buzzer will buzz indicating that visitor cannot enter in hall. Depending upon the sensors interruption the system recognize entry and exit of visitor.

In addition to expected ventilator scarcity, induced by the disease outbreak of COVID-19, several organizations have Low-cost emergency breathing apparatuses have been developed. Pressure-cycled pneumatic ventilators are some of these devices that are easy to be using. The signaling or alert features are produced but often not included, on industrial ventilators. This article reports a simplified, simple electronic pressure-cycled respirator sensor & alert device that measures theoretically efficient parameters such as strain & respiratory rate & sounds of alarm; when the respirator malfunctions. A signal processing is for low complexity. A set of time-varying recursive envelope trackers are used in the algorithm to Signal control from a wired digital pressure sensor Trachea of the client. Measurements on each specimen such that it can operate on virtually every test on a microcontroller.

In this 21st century, it is difficult to trace the device on real-time platforms. To overcome this complex situation leads to developing a fingerprint cum GPS/GSM tracking prototype. This prototype model proposes that the system will get the location of the vehicle, i.e., latitude and longitude of the vehicle, and the tracing is done with the SMS sent on the receiver’s phone by sending SMS via GSM module to make the vehicle security feature to work online that is stored and can be viewed real-time by sending data by ESP module serving as a wireless fidelity module. The theft vehicle is then detected by sending the message from the tracker to the owner’s phone. On the receiver’s phone, the owner will get the emergency message, where the owner can send back the SMS to the GSM module to stop the vehicle motor using a microcontroller.

Over the last few years, security becomes more important in any communication system. Several techniques have been implemented to transfer information in a secure way. One of the most important encryption techniques used in security is encryption based on a chaotic system. In this paper, a security chaotic algorithm has been proposed, studied and implemented for encrypting a text message. This work based on using two levels of one-dimensional chaotic maps (logistic map) with different initial conditions. In the experimental process, the original text on the receiver side was decrypted correctly 100% (without any error). The key space measured by this system was (16×1064) which is greater than the minimum key space value necessary to resist any brute-force attack. Also another analysis has been studied in this paper proved that the time plays a very important limitation in the encryption. The time effect on the attacker during its attempts to obtain the original text was very large and it could not get the text in the real or nearly the real-time.

Farmers are reportedly facing a lack of rain and water. The main aim of the paper is the automatic irrigation solution for farmers. This helps to save them precious time and resources. Conventional irrigation technology requires more human action. Human interference can be reduced to a degree with the proposed automatic irrigation and fertilisation technologies. There is still a chance to reduce risks and make work more meekly thanks to the development of technology. The devices focused on integrated and micro controllers have enormous resolutions to voluminous challenges. By using a sensor micro controller system, the proposed programme accurately controls irrigation systems for agriculture. In the field, sensors are mounted to measure PH of a field and relative humidity that transports the signal to the computer for the calculation of crop water requirements. The population of India exceeds 1.2 billion and the pace of population rises daily, so there will be a significant food issue after 2530 years, so it is important to improve agriculture that can be accomplished by introducing these devices in the region.

Manual irrigation is still widely used in agricultural field using traditional drip and can watering. However, traditional irrigation systems are inefficient and inexact, leading to either insufficient or excessive watering. Moreover, it is difficult for farmers to predict suitable quantities at the appropriate time. Manual monitoring of the crop field may also lead to human error and is potentially risky for rural areas. Farmers may also not be aware of intrusions if they are not on location. Therefore, this project is designed to develop a smart monitoring and automated irrigation system to provide not only efficient water consumption based on specific conditions, but also enables real-time monitoring of the environment. Furthermore, this system prevents damage to plants and reduces the likelihood of plant theft. This system uses NodeMCU ESP32 as a microcontroller that collects environmental data such as humidity, temperature, soil moisture levels from sensors. The NodeMCU is integrated with a relay and RTC module to irrigate plants at specific times and is also equipped with a passive infrared sensor to detect intruders near the crop-field. Upon detection, an ESP32 camera is used to automatically capture the current conditions and farmers will be subsequently notified. Warnings are also sent to farmers upon detection of unwanted circumstances such as extreme temperature, which could prevent instances of open burning. The utility of the developed prototype is evident in the way it automatically irrigates the crop field without human intervention. Farmers may monitor and manually control the irrigation process using an attached Android application. Additionally, they may manually activate a buzzer warn off any potential malicious actors.

Modern greenhouse cultivation of crops yield and quality is affected by temperature and humidity is very big, this paper designed a greenhouse intelligent monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer, STC89C52 as control core, using composite was carried out on the temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 real-time monitor and record, use buzzer and LED lights to alert users to temperature and humidity changes and respond in a timely manner.

Technological developments have brought convenience to human life. Many things can be done today to solve human problems more efficiently without spending a lot of money, time, and energy. One of these technological developments can be found in agriculture. An automatic tool project based on the Arduino nano microcontroller will monitor hydroponic plants, assisted by sensors to detect water level, the temperature around the plant will be detected by a sensor DHT-22, the level of light intensity using the sensor BH1750 water level and room temperature will be displayed on nextion 3.5” as a human-machine interface. The purpose of designing this tool is to realize an automatic hydroponic system with LED light as a substitute for sunlight, a pH sensor to read the acidity level of a solution for plants, a ppm sensor to see the viscosity level of a solution for plants, and several motors to provide nutrition in a proper manner automatic and also to maintain water circulation, here is also provided a human machine interface to see the condition of the plant along with planting media and solutions. Based on the value of the test results, the entire hydroponic system is able to work well, all values that affect hydroponic plants are always in their proper condition. The temperature in this hydroponic environment is continuously monitored by using the DHT-22 sensor which aims to get a temperature that is always as stable as from a temperature range of 27°C to 35°C, the expected pH is in the range of 6.5 to 7.4, and the ppm required for hydroponic plants is ranging from 1050 ppm to 1400 ppm.

The natural composting process takes a long time because it goes through four phases of temperature levels. One of them is the thermophilic phase, where the largest rate of organic degradation occurs. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the composting process through temperature control. It was carried out using the Continuous Thermophilic Composting (CTC) method. The heating system was designed to provide the thermophilic temperature in the range of 50 - 65 °C. Arduino microcontroller was used to control the process temperature in real time. Several experiments were carried out to obtain the best design. In the first experiment, acrylic was used as the heating system wall with a 100 W incandescent lamp and a fan. The highest composting temperature produced was 38 °C on the 7th day. In the second experiment, two 100 W incandescent lamps were used to increase heat generation, and the highest composting process temperature was 41 °C. In the third experiment, 0.2 mm steel wall was used with two 100 W incandescent lamps and two fans, and the temperature of the composting process reached the thermophilic phase, namely 61°C on the 8th day.

The background of this research is to make it easier for young researchers to develop brush control dc geared servomotor with a microcontroller which is part of the overall control system where there are other control parts such as TX commands obtained from sensor devices received through radio communication, conditioning circuits, and transisitor-taransistor logic for the driver for servo-control and other control parts of the bridge brushed dc geared servomotor switching system. Here the research limits itself to the control parts of the dc geared servomotor brush, the control part is in the form of software related to the microcontroller, for the other three parts are discussed in another reset. This limitation only discusses signals from radio, encoder one, encoder two, encoder three, mathematical processing, output command output. The command output is ready to connect to the brush geared dc servomotor.

In this paper, we are proposing a contactless temperature measuring and attendance monitoring system because of the pandemic COVID-19. This design is developed using Node MCU, MLX90614 Infrared Thermometer, RFID Reader, and Ultrasonic Sensor. It measures body temperature with an infrared temperature sensor without any physical contact. An RFID card reader is used for scanning the identity card. The ID number and the temperature of students are uploaded into the webpage. This webpage can be monitored over the internet. The details such as Entry time, ID number, No. of students and temperature measurements are stored in the server and displayed in webpage. An Ultrasonic Sensor is used to measure the distance between the sensor and the person. The temperature sensor can measure the temperature when the distance between the sensor and person is around 10 cm for better accuracy. This system is essential in this pandemic situation to avoid the infections.

A high-precision data sampling AC load analysis system is designed based on the core of ARM cortex M3 microcontroller named NXP LPC1500. The hardware composition, circuit design of each hardware part and the software design of the system are discussed in detail. The voltage, frequency, energy (W-h), harmonic current and current curve are also added into the analysis system. The circuit diagram of the functional part of the main circuit is provide, and the flow chart of the software design for the microcontroller are given. The experimental data show that the system works stably and reliably in actual application.

The presented compact algorithm for recognizing handwritten digits of the MNIST database, created on the LogNNet reservoir neural network, reaches the recognition accuracy of 82%. The algorithm was tested on a low-memory Arduino board with 2 Kb static RAM low-power microcontroller. The dependences of the accuracy and time of image recognition on the number of neurons in the reservoir have been investigated. The memory allocation demonstrates that the algorithm stores all the necessary information in RAM without using additional data storage, and operates with original images without preliminary processing. The simple structure of the algorithm, with appropriate training, can be adapted for wide practical application, for example, for creating mobile biosensors for early diagnosis of adverse events in medicine. The study results are important for the implementation of artificial intelligence on peripheral constrained IoT devices and for edge computing., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

The development of technology can be seen from the increasing number of industries that are standing and especially industries that produce air-conditioning machines such as Air Conditioner (AC), Air Cooler and Chiller. As the name implies, AC has a function to condition the air in a room so that it feels cool, comfortable, and healthy. In operation, AC requires electricity, and almost all of its main components require electricity so that the cost of using flow electricity is the benchmark in efforts to save energy. At the tool and system design stage, an overall tool design is carried out to form a miniature air-conditioning system using a Peltier Thermoelectric. The purpose of designing this tool is to produce a tool that functions to cool a room, so that the temperature in the room is cool and maintained, with the performance of Peltier TEC1-12706 and also heatsink as a channel for cold air through fans indoor and outdoor, and displaying temperature. In testing the system there is a slight difference from the measurements of the results with the component datasheet. On the results of the power test on the 12 V.10A adapter without load, the average output is 12.11 V, not pure at 12 V because the voltage displayed on the AVO meter has an average difference of 0.92%. Whereas in the measurement of power by load, that is, with an average load of 12.05V because the voltage displayed on the AVO meter has a difference and the voltage already has a load and has an average error of 0.41%. The existence of this error is because the current entering the adapter is also unstable.

A common problem that occurs very often in society is motorcycle theft. The rampant cases of motorcycle theft, which are even carried out in the parking lot of homes, need to find the right solution. One solution to handling motorcycle theft cases and securing motorbikes is by installing smart vehicle technology. The purpose of this research is to design a motorcycle safety system based on the Internet of Things. The design uses the Arduino Mega microcontroller, the ESP8266 wifi module, a fingerprint sensor, and the Blynk application on a smartphone. Hardware design with fingerprint and microcontroller integration then designing IoT-based applications with the ESP8266 and combining a security system with notifications to smartphones. Application this can help to turn on and off the engine of two-wheeled motorized vehicles remotely, can assist users in supervising or monitoring two-wheeled motorized vehicles.

The article deals with the design issues of a microprocessor control system for the 6 degrees of freedom motion simulator. This motion simulator is a high performance, electro-pneumatic simulator, used for test evaluation of small high dynamic flying objects. With pneumatic actuated yaw and pitch axes and an electric motor on the roll axis, the Motion simulator reproduce, in real-time, the flight motions of the actual object. The presence of a large number of servo drives with different types of executive elements in the Motion simulator required the development of a distributed multiprocessor control system. The equipment of the Motion simulator includes a number of microprocessor control units. Each contains a microprocessor control system with high-performance microcontroller having specialized peripherals, as well as equipped with all the necessary communication interfaces. Control units are maximally unified, which significantly reduces the time of their development and debugging. Due to this, units firmware is mostly identical and uses the same set of libraries.

In this paper we describe the design of a proof-of-concept wireless embedded sensor system for continuous strain cycle monitoring as a method for fatigue life assessment on civil structures. Monitoring of strain cycles is energy demanding, and therefore not suited to energy-constrained devices, as it requires continuous acquisition of strain data with a high sampling rate, followed by data processing using algorithms for peak-trough detection and cycle counting. To overcome this drawback, at the core of our proposed design is a piezoelectric-based analogue sensor system that can achieve as much as a factor of 9 increase in energy efficiency compared with the conventional approach. The key component is an analogue peak-trough detector that offloads the computation in peak-trough detection from the microcontroller, thus eliminating the need for continuous sampling. The function of the detector is coupled with an energy-efficient interrupt-driven software design for acquisition and strain cycles calculation, which is carried out by using a standard form of the rainflow cycle counting algorithm. For wireless communication and networking, LoRa and LoRaWAN are adopted as core modules. We illustrate the performance of our proposed solution by way of simulation and laboratory experiments. Results show a good agreement in measurement of strain cycles between our proposed system and the conventional approach. Thus, our solution proves to be promising for real fatigue measurement applications.

In recent decades energy crisis and global warming has raised, so we have motivated development and use of sustainable, alternative, clean sources. We have added the renewable energy sources, that is solar generation for the energy production. Smart grid enables integration between conventional power and renewable energy sources. This paper describes about the usage of grid power and renewable sources in an ideal manner. This aims at designing and developing a smart grid system with the use of renewable energy and IoT technology. The ultimate goal is to provide No-interrupted sources daily needs and for the future.

Everyone has a different perception of water temperature. Considering the living needs of people today, a faucet that can adjust the water temperature intelligently has a good research value. Different from traditional products, the voice temperature control faucet designed in this paper can not only automatically regulate the temperature, but also keep a constant temperature. When the hot water supply is insufficient, it can give an alarm in advance to remind the customer to complete the water use as soon as possible. This design uses the existing speech signal module, it can convert the speech signal into the single chip microcomputer input signal, and then through the single chip microcomputer control of the motor rotation, so as to control the opening of cold and hot water very well. Through the effective combination of temperature sensing technology, speech recognition algorithm and MCU, the goal of intelligent temperature control can be achieved.

A Smart feeder is a growing energy distribution framework that is implanted with various types of energy distribution sources, as sustainable power sources, consolidated heat and power, and dispersed energy resources. The advantages of smart feeder arrangement are low transmission and dissemination cost, and, possibly, high dependability, high effectiveness, and low natural effect. Additionally, the administration of the electrical feeder system is getting increasingly problematic. The absence of data at the base feeder and the electricity administration network status have been distinguished as the significant obstruction to its successful monitoring and control of the electrical distribution system. This research work presents an advancement of the microcontroller-based smart feeder protection from overcurrent using fast using Solid State relay (SSR) to viable monitoring and control of the Feeder system. The simulation result of this work shows that the system is able to control and monitor the feeder protection system from overcurrent with the help of Microcontroller viable results that have been achieved with this system. In this research work, PhotoMOS relay cut-off time and overcurrent parameters have been calculated. The achieved results show significant results over the traditional EMR circuit protection. The PhotoMOS relay operating cut-off time 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 ms with respect to the overcurrent values 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mA, which is significantly less than the EMR protection system. A 220 V electricity network was utilized to test the reliability and quality of the microcontroller-based PhotoMOS circuit. The proposed approach is demonstrated to be compelling in both grids associated and islanded modes.

We come across many disabled people in NGO’s and hospitals. These people find difficult to convey message as they cannot make full body movement like normal people. Looking at such condition we tried to make a system which can be used to convey messages on behalf of such people. This system give different messages by simple movement of hand of the person. The device is placed on person’s hand so the he can tilt it in particular direction. By tilting the device in different direction in a specified range of angle different messages are displayed. Here an accelerometer is used to measure the tilt. The data from the accelerometer is then passed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller takes the information, process the data and shows the particular message depending on the tilt by the person. The microcontroller send data to a LCD screen and desired message is displayed. On the receiver side along with LCD screen a buzzer is also present and in gets on as soon as it receives signal from the accelerometer. On person’s hand the device consists of an RF transmitter which is used to transfer the data signal in encoded form. On the receiving end the RF receiver gets the data from the transmitter and then decodes it and which is then passed to the microcontroller for reading the data, processing the data and responding to it.

This paper presents a development of a mobile haze measurement system which can measure the amount of particulate matter and display in real time. The current haze measurement system called high volume sampler is difficult to move around due to its big size and the reading is not available in real time. Therefore, an alternative for the haze measurement system need to be developed. It uses an optical sensor as a working principle and Arduino board as a microcontroller. The measurement system is able to measure particulate matter from the smoke generated using a mosquito coil. The reading from the developed haze measurement system is verified using a commercial sensor called Dust Mate.

This study aims to find the ultimate solution for the table to be used by different kinds of people, such as a healthy kid, young, old, and physically disabled. People face problems while using the table of inappropriate height. Especially, physically disabled people are unable to cope with healthy while doing regular work due to height constraints. Using a human-centered design approach, the authors create a design process based on field research and catering to local needs to develop a suitable product for users in a developing country. So, the authors introduced a table, which has a motorized height adjusting mechanism. Ultrasonic sensors detect the user’s height and height of the table adjusted as per the height of the user.

Printed circuit boards are used for various product manufacturing and assisting purposes. This paper deals with a multifaceted trainer board for integrating various modules for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. As IoT plays a major role in the upcoming technological growth, the next generation of students need to learn about the hardware and software involved in a more effective manner. Also hardware is vital for hands-on training. To guide the students and aspirants to apply various ideas onto one board requires a perfect trainer board. Moreover, this trainer board should be well flexible to handle a vast variety of modules. Arduino Mega, is one example, where programming and interfacing of modules are easy and well-suited to develop IoT applications. This novel trainer board is designed for interfacing with the Arduino Mega, HC-05 (Bluetooth module) and Node MCU (Wi-Fi module) that are embedded on the board. The main purpose is to interface various Analog/Digital/PWM pins with various devices. Each Digital or analog pins are connected with 3-port or 4-port female headers to enable various modules to be linked with the board. Also, each 3 or 4-port header pins are connected with power supply and ground by default and there are interlinks between Analog/digital I/O. The board and external modules can be powered with 5V, 9V and 12V which can be selected based on the application.

The drought and salinity intrusion in the Mekong Delta in the years has become more and more serious, but in this region, the system automatically measures and collects water salinity data at either the river mouths or the canal has not been deployed and used widely due to the high investment cost. The goal of this study is to design a monitoring and data acquisition on river water salinity based on the IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The sensor nodes are designed by using the Texas Instruments MSP432 microcontrollers to read data from sensors such as water level, temperature, and salinity. This information is encapsulated and then send to a gateway via a LoRa network. The gateway uses the Raspberry Pi 3 B+ board allowing to receive the data from the sensor nodes and upload data to the cloud server through the Internet connection. A webpage is designed to offer everyone to observe measured parameters rapidly so that the people can take a proactive plan to take water for domestic use and production activities. An experiment to evaluate the performance of our proposed system was carried out in Soc Trang province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam with initial positive results.

Post-harvest handling will affect the quality of agricultural commodities. One of the main post-harvest activities of orange fruit is grading. Grading is an activity to separate or classify orange fruit based on certain criteria such as size, weight, and color according to the applicable quality standard. This grading activity is important because it will determine the next handling process. Generally, orange grading activities are done manually, this was chosen because the process can be faster, but the manual grading has weakness e.g less efficient and requires more man power. Using the man power in determining product quality are based on experience, guesswork and tend to be subjective because it is in accordance with the perceptions of human being. A grading system and machines that use controls were developed to obtain a more uniform product based on color and size is an alternative to overcome this problem, . Nowadays, the grading process has been developed with an automation system using electronic and mechanical devices so that the results are more effective and accurate. The grading process of orange fruit with a divider door that uses image processing application and a microcontroller will have more precise and objective capability. It will be more profitable than manual grading in the future life. The aim of this research is to design a machine grading system based on the Arduino microcontroller. The grading machine uses an image processing application that reads the diameter value and skin color of the orange, Arduino microcontroller is used to separate oranges based on its quality class using a divider door connected to a stepper motor. The design of the orange grading machine has a size of 1.35 cm × 74 cm and has 4 grading classes, i.e class A, class B, class C and class D. The design of the divider door for the orange grading machine has 2 trapezoid-shaped doors, the length of the first door is 30 cm, the width of the top is 26 cm and the width of the bottom is 10 cm. The length of the second door is 30 cm, the width of the top is 22 cm and the width of the bottom is 10 cm. The percentage of suitability of the results of the grading machine with a dividing door compared to manual grading of oranges is 97%. Image processing error percentage is 14%. The capacity of the orange grading machine model with a dividing doors is 300 items / hour and the efficiency value of the orange grading machine model is 55.66%.

In this fast moving life style almost everything around us are getting automated. This in turn greatly reduces the time taken for a work and also increases efficiency. An automatic medicine lending machine is one that helps the patients and uneducated people to keep track on their medical pills in a timely manner. This machine contains containers that contain loaded pills that can be dispensed in timely manner. Major components in this machine are stepper motor, large storage space and inventory monitoring system. All these are monitored by a program fed microcontroller. This machine also contains the alarm system which reminds the patient to take pills at correct time. This machine also has a data storage system which stores the exact date and time that the patient took the medicine from the medical box. From the above concept we can conclude that, this medicine lending machine is feasible for elderly patients to take the medicines by alerting them at the right time.

Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education and aims to create equal opportunities for all children to achieve a balanced cognitive, emotional and psychomotor development tailored to individual needs. The paper presents informal activities implemented for elementary school students to familiarize them with simple sensors, actuators and BIT microcontrollers that can be programmed with simple software. The activities were carried out in four working groups, organized in the classrooms, the participants being pupils in the third grade. Activities began with a description of the term “robotics” and a short film showing the importance of educational robots. After the introduction into the world of robotics, high school students, member of Nano Tech Robotics Club, implemented interactive activities for elementary school students using Micro: Bit microcontroller and simple sensors.

In healthcare not only sensory instruments, but also in connectivity, recording and display systems, technology plays an important role. It is important to keep track of different medical parameters and post-operative days. As a result, the most recent advancement in healthcare communication methods using IOT and LIFI has been adopted. The Internet of Things (IoT) acts as a catalyst for healthcare and is used in a wide variety of applications. The Arduino microcontroller is used as a conduit in this project to connect with a variety of sensors, including a temperature sensor, a respiratory sensor, and a heart rate sensor. The microcontroller collects sensor information and transmits it via IOT to the network, and thus monitors medical parameters in real time. The physician will view the data at any time. Furthermore, the controller is attached to the buzzer to signal the controller to change the sensor output. The key problem with remote patient surveillance systems is that only approved users can view data remotely and provide the data for the target end. The issue of protection can be solved by sending documents over the internet, which is secured by password, and the doctors will access the information via the html web page. Warning message is sent to the doctor via IOT attached to the controller next to the instance of extremity. This is why this machine can effectively accomplish rapid provisional medicines. With low energy consumption, fast set-up, high performance and time to time response, this device is capable.

Regular water quality monitoring of water bodies is essential to ensure it is within the allowing standard limits. The development of a simple and low-cost water quality measurement device for real time monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) technology is presented in this study. Kolora meter is an alternative to the existing commercial monitoring devices. It was developed using the open-source platform Arduino UNO model and NodeMCU board as the microcontroller and Wi-Fi connection respectively. Two sensors such as temperature and turbidity were selected to be installed in the early stage of Kolora meter development. The physical parameters (temperature and turbidity) of water were measured and the measured data collected are able to be viewed and monitored on the mobile phone using Kolora Mobile Application via Wi-Fi connection. Therefore, this surface water quality device has potential to be applied in real time monitoring for early pollution detection and during COVID-19 pandemic spread due to limited movement.

Managed areas for the production of plants are greenhouses. Because current greenhouse plants restrict themselves, they are not automatically controlled and have to be manually operated with various documents. The system suggested must be monitored and controlled continuously to ensure optimal growth of plants, e.g. temperature, moisture, soil humidity, light intensity etc. This work shows a management mechanism for children’s nurseries over the Internet of Things (IOT). The System can check for evident conditions, such as humidity, soil immersion, temperature, fire proximity, strength of light, etc. With NodeMCU esp 8266, all data from the environment parameters are sent to the nube. If a parameter exceeds the limit set, the associated actuator is switched on. If the Earth parameter does not meet the required value, the microcontroller turns on the motor. A mobile phone and desktop allows the user to display and monitor parameters.

This paper obtain the introducing of Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) technology for Engineering Education, consisting of 2 types of PSoC, i.e, CyPress Semiconductor CY8CKIT-049-42xx, and PSoC 6 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), in this paper it focuses on learning at the level basic and introduction to these 2 types of PSoC. moreover, Learning consists of introducing the PSoC input-output with a block diagram of a typical MCU, PSoC Creator features, installation, and testing using Light Emitting Diode (LED). It is hoped that students in the engineering field can understand PSoC as one of the competing microcontrollers of the Arduino or ATmega328p, therefore, that obtains the gain knowledge about the MCU extensively.

With the rapid development of technology and information, electronic photo albums have gradually entered everyone’s life and become increasingly important in daily life. This design uses STM32 as the core, designed a multifunctional electronic photo album. The functions of this electronic album are diverse. Its main function is to save multiple photo files in the SD card and periodically display them on the LCD, and to manually switch the pictures by pressing buttons or touch screen buttons. MCU (Micro Controller Unit) controls the operations of read and write of the SD card as a control module and drives the LCD display. The design also decodes the pictures through the software decoding algorithm on the MCU (such as BMP/JPG/JPEG/GIF), and uses the 18B20 chip to add a temperature display function.

In today’s world more death occurs due to not immediate treatment for bed ridden patients. It also requires more man power. This document presents the model, installation and looks of a hardware and software platform for health monitoring system for patients. The main purpose of this system is to set up a system that can watch over bedridden patient’s health. This project depends on both hardware and software. It is developed using sp02, temperature, heartbeat connected to a raspberry pi micro controller, which get the sensor values and process it in machine learning process to produce a dosage prediction. It also intimates the doctor by triggering an automatic email. In addition, one can know the patients records and prediction of dosage from anywhere using the mobile application linked with it.

An easy circuit for measuring the power of a solar panel in physics classroom by using the microcontroller Arduino will be introduced in this article. The measured data is transferred via Bluetooth to the smartphone app ‘phyphox’ where it is displayed graphically. The circuitry enables measuring the power of a solar panel in different situations of light intensity. Several model experiments for students will be described.