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Agropreneurship provides job opportunities for the millennial generation amid the challenges of changing world business. However there seems to be enormous challenges in maintaining the elements of business in the real world. Merdeka Belajar Program provides quite a variety of choices for young people to improve their skills and competencies through education. The research was conducted with the objectives of: 1) identify the Agropreneurial education carried out on agricultural students, 2) identifying the opportunities and challenges and, 3) formulating strategies to improve the Agropreneurial spirit of agricultural students in Indonesia. This research is quantitative done by conducting semi-structured interviews and also literature studies to students of the Agricultural Socio-Economic Department. The results show that there are several challenges that are still being faced in the development of human resources related to Agropreneurial skill, such as the attractiveness for the younger generation to remain or start working in the agricultural sector which is still low. Entrepreneurship education materials are provided in both lectures and soft skills in the form of several programs. Final Projects are increasingly diverse from Community Empowerment, Entrepreneurship and Village Development. The SWOT analysis shows that strategies to increase the interest of the younger generation can be carried out by providing incentives for the excellence millennial generation (SO Strategy).

Farm households are the most basic socio-economic and decision-making unit in rural areas. Their livelihood strategies will determine how they exploit natural resources and the efficiency of their use. In general, on-farm and off-farm activities are essential components of livelihood strategies that farmers often adopt to increase their incomes. This research aims to understand the most striking factors related to farmers’ entrepreneurship. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and the location was in Wuluhan Village, Jember Regency Indonesia. Consisting of 50 respondents, this research used Structural Equation Modeling based on WARP-PLS 7.0 to analyze the prominent traits that lead to the best farming performance. While the findings show that most of the variables were significant, it can be clearly seen that initiative was the best trait that describes the farmers in the research area. Thus, in the future, dynamics, leadership and collective bargaining can be developed more in shaping their readiness to face the challenges in sustainable rice farming.

Mucuna pruriens L. is a type of legume with high total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and may be a source of antioxidants. Bioactive and chemical components contained in velvet beans were obtained through maceration. Temperature and time of extraction were needed to obtain the optimal extract. The present study aims to explore temperature (30-60°C) and time (120-360 minutes) of the extraction effects on total phenol compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), total tannin compounds (TTC), and the antioxidant capacity: 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical - scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical - scavenging activity (ABTS+-RSA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of velvet beans using double factor experiments approach. All of the studies extraction conditions indicated a significant effect (p < 0.05) on yield, TPC, TFC, TTC, DPPH-RSA, ABTS+-RSA, and FRAP. These results pointed that velvet beans extract for 60°C at 360 minutes was the highest content of TPC, TFC, and TTC were obtained with values of 41.78 mg GAE/g, 309,65 mg QE/g, and 237,13 mg TAE/g. The antioxidant capacity was 38.15 mg AAEAC/g on DPPH-RSA, 6.36 mg AAEAC/g on ABTS+-RSA, and 35.06 mM FE2+ /g on FRAP.

The thermal manifestations at the Muara Labuh field are monitored regularly to see their behaviors in response to the field production. The monitoring results are then used to identify and mitigate any potential hazards associated with the thermal area changes. This paper presents the monitoring results on the main thermal features Idung Mancung (IM) fumaroles complex, located in the vicinity of the steam cap production zone in the Northeast (NE) Sector of the field. Due to its proximity to the main production area, this thermal complex is considered to be susceptible to any reservoir changes. The thermal manifestations characteristics monitored are areal extent, numbers of the thermal funnels, the activities, physical and chemical characteristics, and geophysical signatures. Baseline data were taken from previous remote sensing studies, geology maps, and thermal manifestation geochemistry surveys prior to production periods. Remote sensing studies using true color composite (TCC) and NDVI suggest that the IM fumarole area covers the wider area prior to stage-1 project development in 2017. After production, periodic aerial photo analysis suggests no changes in IM fumarole thermal area growth. The fact is supported by the periodic Thermal Infra-Red Image (TIR), which shows no sign of thermal anomaly still contained inside the IM fumarole baseline area. IM fumarole field checks show that lack of thermal area changes and no sign that the manifestations have become more aggressive. Temperature and flow rate observation on several manifestation funnels indicates that rainfall rate variation affects the manifestation activities and temperature. As for the fumarole gas chemistry, the IM main fumarole shows a decreasing trend in NCG and CO2 contents from 2016 to 2021 and increasing in H2S, which indicates the return of degassing fluid. After one year of field operation, the microgravity and leveling survey in the IM fumarole area show slight changes from -0.1 to -0.14 mGal. The changes correspond with the area subsidence rate of -10 to -15 mm/yr. These changes are still considered low compared to other operating geothermal fields and did not directly affect the thermal manifestation activity.

The prediction problem is an interesting topic to be discussed today. The many predictive methods used to solve problems have become an obstacle for researchers and academics alike. This study aimed to analyze the ability of the ANN prediction method using the Polak-Ribiere and Powell-Beale conjugate gradients. The dataset used for the analysis is disaster times-series data in Indonesia for the last ten years (2011-2020). Data obtained from the Indonesian Disaster Geoportal sourced from the National Disaster Management Agency can be seen on the infographic menu on the website https://gis.bnpb.go.id/. The results obtained based on the analysis that has been carried out, that the 4-10-1 architectural model with the Powell-Beale Conjugate gradient method can produce lower MSE Testing/Performance than the Polak-Ribiere Conjugate gradient method, another advantage is faster time. And fewer iterations. So it can be concluded that based on comparing these two methods, the Conjugate gradient Powell-Beale method with the architectural model 4-10-1 can be used for forecasting/predicting natural disasters because it is a better method.

Keraca (Thalamita sp.) crab shell waste increases and its use as food. Crab shell waste can be used as a nutritious food source because it contains minerals. Keraca crab shell flour is proven to be nutritious, safe, and has potential as a functional food ingredient and a source of minerals. This study aims to obtain characteristics of keraca crab shell flour as a functional food ingredient through analysis of the chemical composition, the content of calcium, phosphorus, and identification of pathogenic bacteria salmonella. The material used in this study is flour from the shells and claws of the Keraca crab. The method is quantitative descriptive. The results proved that the Keraca crab shell flour contained 3.45±0.08% water content, 16.67±0.23% protein, 2.61±0.03% fat, 61.86±0.01% ash, and 15.41±0.13% carbohydrates. Keraca crab flour contains 9.01±0.18% calcium, 1.20±0.01% phosphorus, and no pathogenic bacteria Salmonella.

Research has been carried out on the effect of the cooking process on the nutrient composition of Lais Fish (Cryptopterus sp.). The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of the cooking process, they are frying, boiling, steaming, and roasting on the nutritional content of Lais Fish (Cryptopterus sp.). The analysis carried out include analysis of water content, carbohydrate content, protein content, fat content, and ash content. The analyzed food ingredients were divided into 4 forms of treatment that is fried, boiled, steamed, and roasted. The method used are the analysis of water content using the oven method (Thermogravimetry), carbohydrate content using clegg anthrone method, protein content using the Kjeldahl method, fat content using the Soxhlet method, and ash content using the furnace method. The results showed that each cooking process had different levels of nutrients. The highest protein was found in steaming process at 20.05%; Fat (12.08%), carbohydrates (24.73%), and ash content (8.59%) were highest in frying process, while the highest water content was in boiling process (62,85%). The high or low of these nutrient levels due to the temperature and the longer of the cooking process. However, the most important thing in food processing is that food can have high nutritional value and be safe for consumption.

In the realm of urban planning and design practice, understanding urban morphology can be the basis for the physical development of the built environment that is adaptive and transformative to the uncertain and rapid changes in urban areas. This study aims to identify the physical form that is expected to represent the character of the development of Indonesia’s urban areas in Yogyakarta as the ‘Inner City’ and Semarang as a ‘Coastal City’. The research used an NDBI map within two different timescales to identify the figure and ground of both case studies to generalize the urban tissue pattern. The initial results show that the two districts have a similar tendency to develop heterogeneously and dispersed with the predominant configuration of figures arranged through field blocks and open system urban fabric. However, the two districts also have differences that represent the physical characteristics of the inner city in the form of a low-density continuous development pattern and a coastal city in the form of a linear development pattern. The characters show the process of shifting from closed urban fabric to open-fragmented peri-urban fabric.

Crab that is undergoing a molting process produces solid waste in the form of shells that can disturb the environment. One of the appropriate technologies that can be utilized in dealing with this waste is the manufacture of nanochitosan. The purpose of this study was to obtain nano-sized chitosan from soft shell crab culture waste by determining the quality of chitosan through analysis of water content, ash, nitrogen, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The material used in this research is crab shells from soft shell crab culture waste. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the yield of chitosan produced was 4.67%. The quality of chitosan produced showed 8% water content, 1.5% ash and 4.83% nitrogen. In the FTIR spectra of nanochitosan powder, peaks appear which confirm the bond in chitosan, while in nanochitosan gel it is dominated by the absorption band of H-O which indicates the presence of water as a solvent. The value of the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan nanoparticles produced was 78.43%. The particle size of chitosan by ionic gelation method was 468.1±21.63 nm. The high speed of the magnetic stirrer is able to reduce the chitosan to a stable nano size and prevent agglomeration.

The existence of level crossings between railroads and road vehicles that do not have gates in areas far from crowds, such conditions require gates that are made automatically to avoid accidents. The Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) is an automatically activated railroad crossing gate where train arrival information is obtained through sensors. For one level crossing, there are several electronic devices installed in the automatic railroad crossing system. It is planned that the automatic railroad crossing system will be installed at several level crossings. The problem is how to estimate the time to perform automatic railroad crossing maintenance at several different locations, For this reason, it is necessary to know the estimated remaining useful life (Remaining Useful Life) of the subsystems. The purpose of this research is to find the estimated remaining useful time (RUL) of the subsystem in the automatic railroad crossing system in order to estimate the time to perform maintenance. The process that is carried out to obtain the remaining useful time is through the Prognostic Health Management System development plan, while the analysis of the estimated remaining useful time is carried out using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), the results of this simulation show promising results to determine the estimated value of the remaining useful time. If it can be known the estimated remaining time of the benefit, it is hoped that the maintenance plan for each automatic railroad crossing system can be carried out more efficiently.

Indonesia is the second world’s major macroalgae producer after China, contributing to 28% of the global macroalgae production. Indonesia increased its macroalgae farming output from less than 4 million tons in 2010 to over 9.9 million tons in 2019. It is expected to continue rising to 13 million tons by 2024. The contribution of macroalgal products is quite significant, 60.7% of the total national aquaculture production. To achieve sustainable energy development goals in many developing countries, including Indonesia, biomass to energy technology such as the production of biogas form macroalgae has been considered one of the best options. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential application of biomass to energy technology via the production of biogas from macroalgae as an alternative source of local power generation. Indonesia’s energy mix and several issues regarding macroalgae production are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, we also discussed the process of macroalgal biogas production.

Microseismic monitoring has been used for gathering subsurface information in Geothermal field as part of reservoir monitoring and management plan. New micro earthquake (MEQ) stations were installed in the Muara Laboh geothermal field in the end of 2019, coinciding with the first operation of Unit-1. They have been continuously used to monitor the MEQ events until now. This paper discusses MEQ data analyses to support the subsurface structural interpretation in the Muara Laboh geothermal field. Geothermal production and injection activities create micro seismicity which is triggered by stress failure in fractures / fault planes due to percolation of fluid within fractures network. Distribution of hypocenter locations and magnitude are analyzed, considering highly operational activities, rock mechanic and slip orientation. There are two micro seismicity clusters observed, namely South and North clusters. The South cluster represents 80% of the total recorded micro seismicity events, having NE – SW trend direction; while the North cluster consists of 10% of the total events, correlated with the NNW – SSE structural trend direction. Focal mechanism analysis explains that micro seismicity observed on extended fault zone in the south is thought to be correlated with the distributed fractured network on the hanging wall of normal fault. It is shown by some micro seismicity swarms identified in the south basin-sidewall fault area. These orientations support the current kinematic model of the Muara Laboh geothermal field derived from the structural geology mapping and borehole image logs.

The liquid smoke that potentially controls the attacks of leaf-eating caterpillars on caisim is bamboo liquid smoke. PT. Bukit Asam Tbk-Pelabuhan Tarahan, through their CSR program, produces liquid smoke from bamboo plant waste known as bamboo vinegar with the dominant compound component are 31.28% acetic acid; phenol 2-methoxy-guaiacol (12.95%); carbamic acid (11.23%); 2-heptanamine (6.75%) and phenol 4-methoxy-p-cresol (5.56%). This study aims to determine the effect of the application method and concentration of bamboo vinegar on the attack of leaf-eating caterpillars and plant yields of caisim (Brassica juncea L.). This study is a 2 x 4 factorial experiment using a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor is the method of application; pour and spray. The second factor was the concentration of bamboo vinegar; 0 (control); 5 ml/1; 10 ml/1 and 15 ml/1. Data analysis used the F test and LSD test at 5%. The results showed that applying bamboo vinegar by pouring it cannot reduce the level and intensity of attacks by leaf-eating caterpillars on caisim. While the application of bamboo vinegar by spraying can reduce the level and attack intensity of leaf-eating caterpillars on caisim. Bamboo vinegar which is sprayed in concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 ml/1, can reduce the attack rate of a leaf-eating caterpillars by 31.65%, 31.65% and 37.62%, respectively and reduce the intensity of leaf damage symptoms by 43.60%, 52.56% and 55.13% respectively. The application of bamboo vinegar with the concentration of 15 ml/1 either by pouring or spraying resulted in the highest wet weight and dry weight of the caisim crown, 114.67 g and 119.67 g, respectively. In comparison, the application of bamboo vinegar either by pouring or spraying with different concentrations did not affect the roots’ wet weight and the caisim roots’ dry weight.