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High-speed trains are now the most important medium- and long-distance mode of transport in many countries, and green economy is one of the important directions of high-speed train design. Aluminum alloy material is widely used in various structural parts of high-speed trains due to its advantages of high strength and low density, etc. As the speed of high-speed trains is getting faster and faster, the load on the car body structure is getting bigger and bigger, the safety, reliability and longevity of aluminum alloy structure has received wide attention. In this paper, the stress distribution, maximum stress value and maximum stress point position of aluminum alloy structural members of high-speed trains are analyzed in detail based on the real load situation, and the influence of stress level on train operation is analysed. The above work has certain reference significance for the design of high-speed train.