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Single crystal Bi0.19MoO3 has been grown by the fused salt electrolytic technique. X-ray powder diffraction shows that the unit cell parameters are: a=1.9985nm, b=0.4085nm and c=1.4437nm. The temperature dependence of resistivity demonstrates a semiconductor characteristic. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy studies show that the valence bands of Bi0.19MoO3 are made up of oxygen p? and the ?*, ? and ? bonding bands formed by orbital combination. The shoulder at 0.4eV near the top of the valence band may be formed from the non-bonding dxy orbitals of some Mo atoms. The O1s core-electron spectrum reveals the presence of two inequivalent bonds of oxygen ions in Bi0.19MoO3. The Bi4f core-level spectrum shows two bonding characters of Bi atoms in bismuth molybdenum oxide single crystals. The Mo3d core-level spectrum could be decomposed into two types of valence states of molybdenum(Mo+5 and Mo+6).

Syringe-shaped GaN nanorods are synthesized on Si(111) substrates by annealing sputtered Ga2O3/BN films under flowing ammonia at temperature of 950°C. Most of the nanorods consist of a main rod and a top needle, looking like a syringe. X-ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction confirm that the syringe-shaped nanorods are hexagonal wurtzite GaN. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that these nanorods are as long as several micrometres, with diameters ranging from 100 to 300 nm. In addition to the BN intermediate layer, the proper annealing temperature has been demonstrated to be a crucial factor for the growth of syringe-shaped nanorods by this method.

The doping-induced spectral weight transfer is studied by using the d-p model and considering spatial fluctuations in the high-Tc cuprates. The results led by the Cu-O interaction are found as follows: (i) the energy levels are grown inside the charge-transfer gap, (ii) the spectral weight is decreased below EF, and (iii) the d holes at Cu-sites in CuO2 planes are delocalized with hole doping. Both metal-insulator transition and electrons of two states are also discussed.

The cyclic oscillation behavior (granular clock) of a vibrofluidized granular gas is experimentally investigated in two kinds of N-compartment systems (cyclic and non-cyclic). For a cyclic system, the gas clusters cyclically into one of the compartments in a random order and the interval of the clustering transition has a tendency to decrease with the evolution of time. But for a non-cyclic system, the order and interval of the clustering are invariable. Specially, in a certain transition range a remarkable intermittent clustering behavior is observed at first in our experiments —the granular gas undergoing a cyclic oscillation shows a sudden uniform state and keeps it for a long time until the new cyclic cluster state emerges.