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As an urbanized city, Jakarta’s ocean is worsening every year due to the geographic location. This paper attempts to address the role(s) of NGOs in Jakarta ocean plastic management and factor contributing to the community participation in ocean plastic waste. A qualitative design utilizing in-depth interviews will be conducted to gather all the necessary data from participants. Five selected respondents are representative from NGOs: Trash Hero Jakarta, Divers Clean Action, Sea Soldier Jakarta, Osoji Jakarta, Yayasan KEHATI. All of the respondents represented their NGOs have a community involvement program because people and community have an important role to fight against ocean plastic waste management. 2 respondents fight waste in the land because it is easier and since Jakarta has 13 rivers that are connected to the ocean, waste management program in the land proves to be one of the main issues that need to be taking care of to reduce ocean plastic waste. All of the non-profit organization community programs are educating participants about waste management and how to do the recycling process. The existence of a non-profit organization in Indonesia proves to be very helpful for Indonesia’s government to fight against waste production in Indonesia especially Jakarta. The recommendation was Indonesia’s government taking the waste issue as a big problem and giving a stricter regulation and implementation. Further, Indonesia’s island needs to have its waste bank and recycling system so the local citizen did not litter in the ocean anymore.

Understanding cellular behavior in a quantitative manner will provide valuable information to reveal the mechanism of diseases and immune defense and for the discovery of new drugs and new treatment strategies. Today one of the biggest limitations is the traditional methods and tools that we use to investigate cellular behavior. Since conventional techniques are not adequate enough to be selective, specific and precise, rare cells such as metastatic or drug-resistant ones or events such as the onset symptoms of tumors or infections are masked by the majority of cells or events in the population. As a consequence, our diagnosis or treatment approaches might not target the right cells at the right time in the right microenvironment. Therefore, missed and delayed diagnosis or the wrong treatment strategies emerge. To overcome these limitations, microfabricated tools in conjunction with live-cell imaging provide quantitative, accurate, reproducible and repeatable information at single-cell resolution related to the behavior of rare cells in their natural microenvironments. Moreover, these modern methods reduce assay time, sample consumption and waste production, while improving sensitivity, throughput and precision. Herein, we present an integrated microfabricated microfluidic platform for cell culture and drug exposure investigations.

The problems of the household garbage and industrial wastes utilization are currently central in the regions with a high concentration of population and production. This region in the South of Russia is the Rostov region. The industrial specialization of economy, intensive agriculture, the saturation of infrastructure facilities and high with a predominance of cities are the factors, causing the waste production and consumption large volumes formation in the Rostov region. Since 2018 the process of reforming the waste disposal system has been carried out in the Rostov region, as well as in other regions of Russia. Instead of landfills, where production and consumption wastes were simply stored and buried, the innovative technical and ecological chain, allowing the processing of garbage and recycling of waste, is being created in the region. The waste management reform involves the creation of 8 inter-municipal ecological waste-treatment complexes in the Rostov region, including solid household waste landfills, waste sorting plants, waste transfer stations and other infrastructure facilities for the waste management. At the same time, this reform faces a number of organizational, managerial, engineering, economic, environmental and socio-psychological problems. The essence and problems of the waste disposal system reform in the Rostov region, the reasons and possible ways of the decision the general assessment of efficiency of the developed scheme of utilization of waste a way of the solution of a problem of accumulation and removal of garbage in the region are considered in this article.

The issue of waste is still a serious problem in Denpasar, Bali. Low levels of public awareness make the city view worse. Badung River, which passes through residential areas, is always filled with garbage every day. This uncontrolled waste production is caused by shipments of waste from the Upper and Middle parts of the Badung River catchment area and the level of public awareness that is still lacking in the environment. The origin of the contents of the garbage in the Badung River comes from human activities and nature. Research on this waste problem uses questionnaires by taking samples in the survey area based on 8 locations taken from the tributary meeting to the Badung River. This research shows that the implementation of good policies improves good behaviour compared to the implementation of policies in poor categories. The solid waste management system in the Badung River catchment area is the same, which is divided into waste generation, storage, collection, transfer disposal and waste disposal. So that it can be seen that solid waste management systems, such as the sorting process and the 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle), are still very little attention to the community around the Badung River catchment area.

The development of floating reactors needs to take into account the marine ecological environment. The recycling of waste in floating nuclear power plant is different from the onshore nuclear power because of its limited space and resources. The purifying resin of primary circuit has a high radioactivity and accounts for a large proportion of floating solid waste, and the production of other radioactive waste generated during resin unloading is worthy of attention. In order to minimize the waste production during emission of radioactive resin, this paper uses the fluid dynamics theory of fluidized bed to calculate and analyze the waste production and emission effect in different media for transportation, and propose a reasonable resin emission program, which can provides a powerful design input for the waste treatment.

Waste-production predictions for the future demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO) are necessary to produce an accurate picture of the likely environmental and economic costs of radioactive waste disposal at end-of-life. An integrated simulation process combining Monte-Carlo neutron transport simulations, inventory calculations, and extensive and reproducible post-processing algorithms has been used for the evolving European DEMO designs to quantify the time-varying mass inventories in different waste classes for individual regions and components of the reactor vessel, as well as for the reactor as a whole. Waste categories based on UK and French regulations reveal that minor impurities contained in structural steels, particularly Eurofer, as well as in functional materials such as tungsten, and beryllium, can have a significant impact on their waste classification prospects. Predictions for current European DEMO concepts suggest that there may be an issue in disposing of fusion structural-steel waste as low-level waste (LLW) in near-surface repositories. Detailed analysis of the subtleties of these predictions, particularly with regard to the production of long-lived radionuclides such as 14C and 94Nb, reveal that the threshold for acceptance as LLW is only just exceeded in some situations. Several mitigation approaches are discussed in this context. The computational framework developed for these assessments can be rapidly and continuously applied to the maturing DEMO design, helping to guide design choices to mitigate long-lived waste production and ensure that most waste becomes LLW or better within a few decades.

The scarcities of natural resources and increment in the waste production rates have promoted efforts to investigate the potential incorporation of various by-products in roads construction and maintenance. Various types of waste materials have been investigated, assessed and evaluated for utilization and practiced in the industry. Reusing of waste materials such as black rice husk ash (BRHA) in asphaltic concrete (AC) was considered as one of the proper management of the waste, which ensure economic and environmental benefits. This study was investigated BRHA effects on the properties and performance of asphalt mixture under different aging condition. The BRHA was added in the AC14 mixture in a proportion of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of bitumen. The optimum bitumen content was 5% and the bitumen used was 60/70 penetration grades. The asphalt mixture for each fraction was prepared in three different aging conditions i.e. un-aging (UA), short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). The performance of the asphalt mixtures was evaluated by Marshall Stability and resilient modulus. The results indicate that asphalt mixtures consisting of BRHA have exhibited better performance in term of stability and resilient modulus when compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures. The short term and long term aging mixtures considerably produced higher performance than the un-aging mixtures. However, the LTA performed better than of the STA mixtures. Finally, the optimum additional percentage of BRHA was in the range of 4 - 6% since its produce excellent values in most circumstances.

Municipal solid waste incineration produces non-combustible by-product known as bottom ash. Increase in waste production leads to increase in bottom ash, which raises environmental concerns and management issues. With the parameters and properties of bottom ash are in close agreement with those of aggregates used in concrete making, bottom ash has been adopted for reutilization in civil engineering. However, the workability of the concrete made with partial substitution of aggregate with bottom ash from local municipal solid waste incinerator has never been addressed. This paper aims to evaluate the performance and properties of concrete cube made with partial substitution of aggregate with bottom ash from Pulau Pangkor municipal solid waste incinerator in Perak. The content of bottom ash substitution in concrete cube made in this study were varied at 10, 20 and 30 percent of aggregate. All samples were tested for its workability, water absorption, compressive strength, and resistant towards fire. It was found that the performance of concrete with partial substitution of aggregate with bottom ash reduced with increased in substitution content in all aspects. However, the performance of the concrete with 10 percent bottom ash substitution to aggregate was acceptable and closed to that of control concrete. It has been demonstrated through this study that the use of bottom ash as partial substitution of aggregate in concrete making is possible at very low content. However, there are huge needs of further enhancement in manufacturing methodology in order to produce concrete with partial substitution of aggregate with bottom ash that outperform – or in closed agreement with – the control concrete.

The palm oil industry is one of the strategic industries in Indonesia. the annual increasing of oil palm production provides negative impact on the environment. This is related to waste of production. There are two types of waste production of crude palm oil, namely solid waste and liquid waste. Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an example of solid waste. PKC processing technology innovation is expected to improve sustainability of crude palm oil production. This study investigated the possible valorization of PKC protein as bioadhesive for particle board application. Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) was used as the fiber for particle board production. This study indicated the possibility to valorize PKC as bioadhesive.

The scarcities of natural resources and increment in waste production rates have promoted efforts to investigate the potential incorporation of various by-products in roads construction. Reusing of waste materials such as black rice husk ash (BRHA) in asphaltic concrete was considered as one of the proper management of the waste, which ensures economic and environmental benefits. Hence, this study investigates the effect of black rice husk ash on asphalt mixtures properties under different aging condition. BRHA was added in the asphalt mix in a proportion of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of bitumen. 5% optimum bitumen content with 60/70 penetration grade binder was selected for this study. The asphalt mixtures for each fraction was prepared in three different aging conditions i.e. un-aging (UA), short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). The properties of asphalt mixtures were evaluated by voids, stiffness and dynamic creep tests. The results indicate that asphalt mixtures consisting of BRHA have exhibited better performance in term of voids, stiffness and creep modulus when compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures. The STA and LTA mixtures modified with BRHA produced higher performance than the unmodified mixtures. It can be concluded that the optimum additional percentage of BRHA was in the range of 4% to 6%.

This paper aims to present an ecological solution for creating a long-living structure using wood and eco-friendly concrete. Nowadays, it is an imminent need to reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources and, at the same time, to minimize the negative impacts of waste production from the construction sector. As a result, the option of reusing and reintroducing materials in production cycles in order to form totally different products becomes more common day by day. Even if wood is a hugely capable civil engineering material, the area of untreated pile situated above ground water level is vulnerable. This problem can be found in salty water resorts, as in the case of Oglinzi Baths located in Neamţ County. A proper solution for solving this problem could consist of using an already patented concrete that has in composition recycled glass aggregates and, moreover, has outstanding durability properties. This mixed piles structure can be a sustainable alternative benefiting from two commonly used materials and local resources.

The city waste is one of the main urban problems to be solved, since they generate large impacts on the environment, like use of land, contamination of the soil, water and air, and human diseases, among others. In Rosario city, placed in the Argentina Humid Pampa and having about 1 million inhabitants, the Municipality is developing different strategies in order to reduce the waste impact (295 000 Tons in 2016). One of the most important actions was the construction of the Bella Vista compost plant in 2012 (within the largest in South America). In the present work we analysed the possibility to use urban organic waste (that for Rosario city represents about 58% of the total waste in the last years) for: a) compost production and b) biogas production, with compost as a by-product. We determined the produced compost and biogas and the corresponding greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, considering three possible scenarios: A reference scenario (Sr ) where 24 100 Tons of urban solid waste per year is transported from the city houses and buildings to a transfer landfill and then to the a final disposal landfill; a scenario number one (S1 ) in which the same fraction of waste is transported to the Compost plant and transformed to compost and a scenario number two (S2 ) where the same quantity of waste is used for the production of biogas (and compost). Applying the IPCC 2006 Model, we compare the results of the annual GHG emissions, in order to select the best alternative: to expand the Compost plant or to build a Biogas (plus compost) plant. We also discussed the extension of the present analysis to the situation in which all the capability of the Compost plant (25% of the 2016 waste production of the city) is used and the impact these plants are having for a better quality of life of persons involved in the informal waste activity.

Article is devoted the decision of basing holes machining accuracy problems of automatically replaceable cubical units (carriers) for reconfigurable manufacturing systems with low-waste production (RMS). Results of automatically replaceable units basing holes machining modeling on the basis of the dimensional chains analysis are presented. Influence of machining parameters processing on accuracy spacings on centers between basing apertures is shown. The mathematical model of carriers basing holes machining accuracy is offered.

The poor management of solid waste is noticeable through the increasing of the solid waste each year and the difficulties in disposing the waste in the current available landfill. This study was undertaken to analyze the quantity and composition of waste generation in Taman melewar. Taman Melewar is a student residential area and this study is focusing on student's daily waste composition. The objective of this study was to identify the amount of solid waste generation, analyze and classify the composition of solid waste in Taman Melewar. The waste collection was conducted for 50 houses on a daily basis for two weeks. The average household waste generation rate was 0.082 kg/person/day. Organic waste was the major constituent of waste production. The average of organic waste represents about 72.4% followed by paper (9%), plastics film (5.5%), plastics rigid (4.7%), napkins (3.8%), tetrapek (1.3%), glass (1.1%), household hazardous waste (0.85%), textiles (0.52%), metal (0.51%) and rubber (0.34%). The moisture content was ranging from 27.67% to 28.68%. An evaluation was made based on student's behavior towards waste production and recycling. In conclusion, the results revealed that organic waste is the highest waste generated and recycling habits is also poor in Taman Melewar.

A two-step method to accomplish the synthesis of the important intermediate α-(N-methyl-N-benzylamino) -3-hydroxy acetophenone hydrochloride was discussed, including a brominaion and the following amination. Starting from the commercial available raw material, the target compound could be gained with 62% yield. This procedure involves cheap and easily obtained raw materials, simple operation, low cost, low waste production.

For pt.I see ibid., vol.10, p.448 (1975). Data are presented relating to the design, operation and waste production of the steam generating heavy water reactor (SGHWR), that was collected for use in the power station game, a physics based simulation exercise recently developed for use in schools.