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We study the evolution of (2+1)-dimensional surface morphology in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (K-S) model by using the numerical simulation approach. The results show that the surface morphology has the self-affine fractal properties and exhibits cellular structure after long time growth. With numerical correlation analysis, we explicitly observe the dynamic scaling characteristics and obtain the roughness exponent to be 0.77±0.07, the growth exponent to be 0.28 and 0.43, and the dynamic exponents 0.31 and 0.46, for the early times and later times. The simulating results are consistent with the theoretical values in the K-S model.

Graded-index ZrO2 films has been fabricated on K9 glass by glancing angle deposition. Because the index mismatch at the interface has been reduced, the film results in wideband high-transmission antireflection. From 400nm to 1200nm, the film reflection is lower than 0.8% and the lowest value is 0.2% at 432nm.

The experiment setup of a reflecting combination device, which has more advantages than a transmitting combination device, is designed in this study. To achieve angular spectrum selectivity, only one type of reflective component is needed, so difficulties of design and preparation are reduced. A dielectric multilayer film is applied to the reflective component, and the long wave-pass coating stacks of the structure are designed. To achieve high stopband transmittance and reduce electric field intensity at a wavelength of 1053 nm, an objective function is proposed for designing an optimized coating. The final optimized coating has good spectral characteristics and a high laser-induced damage threshold. A dielectric multilayer film with high reflectance plays an important role in preparing and applying a dielectric multilayer film reflecting cutoff filter-combination device.

The angular resolutions of the phase-shifted Rugate thin-film filters, the ultra-narrow bandpass filters, and a cutoff filter-combination device are discussed, and the electric field distributions of the filters are compared. The results show that the three transmitting multi-layer thin-film filters can realize the same angular resolution, but the electric field in the cutoff filter-combination device is the lowest. Because a lower electric-field distribution corresponds to a higher laser-induced damage threshold of the thin films, the cutoff filter-combination device may replace the traditional spatial filters in high power laser systems.

A slanted columnar TiO2 sculptured anisotropic thin film (ATF) is prepared via the glancing angle deposition technique and used as the phase retardation plate. The tilted nanocolumn microstructures of thin film induce the optical anisotropy. With the biaxial birefringent model, the optical constants dispersion equations of TiO2 ATF are derived by fitting the transmittance spectra for s- and p-polarized waves measured at normal and oblique incidence within 400 nm–1200 nm. The phase shift of polarized light after reflection and/or transmission through the TiO2 ATF is analyzed with the characteristic matrix employing the extracted structure parameters. The theoretical studies reasonably well accord with the experimental results measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry. In addition, the dependences of the phase shift on the coating physical thickness and oblique incidence angle are also discussed. Birefringence of the biaxial ATF provides a sophisticated phase modulation by varying incidence angles over a broad range to have a wide-angle phase shift.

We have deposited W/Si multilayer mirrors using magnetron sputtering, and measured their reflectivity at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The W/Si multilayer mirrors show a peak reflectivity of approximately 10% at a photo-energy of 1200 eV and 10.5% at a photo-energy of 700 eV at an incidence angle of 81°. So far, no higher reflectivity than that given in this letter has been reported.