1. Mass and Environment as Drivers of Galaxy Evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the Origin of the Schechter Function
- Author
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Anton M. Koekemoer, Pascal Oesch, P. Kampczyk, A. Cappi, Paolo Cassata, Lucia Pozzetti, Angela Bongiorno, E. Zucca, Marco Scodeggio, P. Nair, G. Zamorani, A. Leauthaud, D. Bottini, David B. Sanders, Jean-Paul Kneib, J. F. Le Borgne, Christian Maier, Christian Marinoni, S. Bardelli, Simon J. Lilly, O. Le Fevre, P. Memeo, D. Maccagni, R. Pello, D. Vergani, John D. Silverman, T. Contini, Olga Cucciati, M. Mignoli, G. Hasinger, V. Presotto, Alvio Renzini, B. Meneux, C. Knobel, Graziano Coppa, Olivier Ilbert, Rongmon Bordoloi, Niraj Welikala, V. Le Brun, L. A. M. Tasca, Cristiano Porciani, A. Cimatti, Katarina Kovac, H. J. McCracken, Vincenzo Mainieri, M. Bolzonella, Masaomi Tanaka, Luke A. Barnes, Roberto Scaramella, C. M. Carollo, F. Lamareille, S. de la Torre, P. Franzetti, M. Fumana, E. Ricciardelli, A. Iovino, L. de Ravel, Yingjie Peng, E. Perez Montero, Karina Caputi, U. Abbas, L. Tresse, B. Garilli, Nick Scoville, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Y. Peng, S.J. Lilly, K. Kovac, M. Bolzonella, L. Pozzetti, A. Renzini, G. Zamorani, O. Ilbert, C. Knobel, A. Iovino, C. Maier, O. Cucciati, L. Tasca, C. M. Carollo, J. Silverman, P. Kampczyk, L. de Ravel, D. Sander, N. Scoville, T. Contini, V. Mainieri, M. Scodeggio, J.-P. Kneib, O. Le Fevre, S. Bardelli, A. Bongiorno, K. Caputi, G. Coppa, S. de la Torre, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, F. Lamareille, J.-F. Le Borgne, V. Le Brun, M. Mignoli, E. Perez Montero, R. Pello, E. Ricciardelli, M. Tanaka, L. Tresse, D. Vergani, N. Welikala, E. Zucca, P. Oesch, U. Abba, L. Barne, R. Bordoloi, D. Bottini, A. Cappi, P. Cassata, A. Cimatti, M. Fumana, G. Hasinger, A.M. Koekemoer, A. Leauthaud, D. Maccagni, C. Marinoni, H.J. McCracken, P. Memeo, B. Meneux, P. Nair, C. Porciani, V. Presotto, R. Scaramella, and Astronomy
- Subjects
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ,Cosmology: observations ,Galaxies: active ,Galaxies: distances and redshifts ,Galaxies: evolution ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Stellar mass ,galaxies: active ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High density ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,SIMILAR-TO 1 ,1ST EPOCH DATA ,0103 physical sciences ,Galaxy formation and evolution ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,REDSHIFT SURVEY ,FORMING GALAXIES ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY ,VLT DEEP SURVEY ,STAR-FORMATION HISTORY ,Differential effects ,Galaxy ,LUMINOSITY FUNCTION ,cosmology: observations ,galaxies: distances and redshifts ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,galaxies: evolution ,STELLAR MASS ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We explore the inter-relationships between mass, star-formation rate and environment in the SDSS, zCOSMOS and other surveys. The differential effects of mass and environment are completely separable to z ~ 1, indicating that two distinct processes are operating, "mass-quenching" and "environment-quenching". Environment-quenching, at fixed over-density, evidently does not change with epoch to z ~ 1, suggesting that it occurs as large-scale structure develops in the Universe. The observed constancy of the mass-function shape for star-forming galaxies, demands that the mass-quenching of galaxies around and above M*, must be proportional to their star-formation rates at all z < 2. We postulate that this simple mass-quenching law also holds over a much broader range of stellar mass and epoch. These two simple quenching processes, plus some additional quenching due to merging, then naturally produce (a) a quasi-static Schechter mass function for star-forming galaxies with a value of M* that is set by the proportionality between the star-formation and mass-quenching rates, (b) a double Schechter function for passive galaxies with two components: the dominant one is produced by mass-quenching and has exactly the same M* as the star-forming galaxies but an alpha shallower by +1, while the other is produced by environment effects and has the same M* and alpha as the star-forming galaxies, and is larger in high density environments. Subsequent merging of quenched galaxies modifies these predictions somewhat in the denser environments, slightly increasing M* and making alpha more negative. All of these detailed quantitative relationships between the Schechter parameters are indeed seen in the SDSS, lending strong support to our simple empirically-based model. The model naturally produces for passive galaxies the "anti-hierarchical" run of mean ages and alpha-element abundances with mass., 66 pages, 19 figures, 1 movie, accepted for publication in ApJ. The movie is also available at http://www.exp-astro.phys.ethz.ch/zCOSMOS/MF_simulation_d1_d4.mov
- Published
- 2010