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As the rapidly progressing applications of uncertainty theories, the need for modifications to some of their existing mathematical tools or creating new tools to deal correctly with them in various environments is also exposed. Hesitant fuzzy numbers (HFNs), as a particular case of fuzzy numbers, are not an exception to this rule. Considering the necessity of determining the distance between given HFNs in many of their practical applications, this article shows that the existing methods either do not provide correct results or are not able to meet the needs of users. This paper aims to present new methods for distance measures of hesitant fuzzy numbers. To do them, three prevalent distance measures, i.e., the generalized distance measure, the Hamming distance measure, and the Euclidean distance measure, will be optimized into three distinct trinal categories. With the approach of reducing error propagation via reducing some unnecessary mathematical computations, new distance measures on HFNs will be introduced, first. The middle is the modification of the first category, which is more suitable when the given HFNs are equal-distance by the previous formula. Also, as the third category, the weighted form of these distance measures has been proposed, to be used where the real and membership parts of HFNs are not of equal importance. As an application of these, a TOPSIS-based technique for solving multi-attribute group decision-making problems with HFNs has been proposed. A numerical example will be implemented to describe the presented method. Finally, along with the validation of the proposed method, its numerical comparison with some other existing methods will be discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy consumption of mechanical products in China is enormous, and the energy utilization rate is low, which is increasingly receiving people's attention. Conducting product design for energy optimization is of great significance for improving energy utilization efficiency. The scheme design of a product is the key to achieving innovation in product design, and the evaluation and decision-making of the design scheme directly affect the results of the later stage of the design. Therefore, correctly evaluating and making reliable decisions on product design schemes that are oriented towards fuzzy decision optimization is an important aspect of product innovation conceptual design. The product modeling design quality evaluation is a multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Recently, the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method and information entropy method has been employed to cope with MAGDM issues. The interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) are employed as a tool for portraying uncertain information during the product modeling design quality evaluation. In this paper, the CoCoSo method is designed for MAGDM under INSs. Then, the interval neutrosophic numbers CoCoSo (INN-CoCoSo) method based on the Hamming distance and Euclidean distance is built for MAGDM. The information Entropy method is employed to produce the weight information based on the Hamming distance and Euclidean distance under INNSs. Finally, a practical numerical example for product modeling design quality evaluation is supplied to show the INN-CoCoSo method. The main contributions of this paper are constructed: (1) This paper builds the novel MAGDM based on CoCoSo model under INSs; (2) The information Entropy method is employed to produce the weight information based on the Hamming distance and Euclidean distance under INNSs; (3) The new MAGDM method is proposed for product modeling design quality evaluation based on INN-CoCoSo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method that is based on the Euclidean and Hamming distances of alternatives from the average scores of attributes. Spherical fuzzy sets, as the recent extensions of ordinary fuzzy sets, were developed based on Pythagorean and neutrosophic sets and enable decision-makers to express their membership, non-membership, and hesitancy degrees independently and in a larger domain than most other fuzzy extensions. This paper proposes a new interval-valued spherical fuzzy CODAS method and provides extra space for catching the vagueness in the nature of the problem. The feasibility and practicality of the proposed model are illustrated with an application for evaluating the reopening readiness of academic units for campus education in the era of COVID-19. Three decision-makers from a higher education institution evaluate four academic units with respect to five strategic criteria and prioritize them according to their readiness levels for the campus type of education. Sensitivity and comparative analyses, theoretical and practical contributions, limitations, and future research avenues are also presented in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, considering the traditional geometric operation laws and Pythagorean fuzzy information, a varies of new distance measures of Pythagorean fuzzy set are proposed, such as generalized Pythagorean fuzzy ordered geometric distance (GPFOWGD) measures and generalized Pythagorean fuzzy hybrid weighted geometric distance (GPFHWGD) measures. Besides, some special issues including Hamming distance, Euclidean distance and Hausdorff distance of these raised geometric distance measures are investigated. To testify the valid of these new presented distance measures, a decision-making model is built and illustrated by a mathematical calculation example to evaluate the service quality of sports clubs using Pythagorean fuzzy information. The results display that the approach is uncomplicated, valid and simple to compute. The example illustrates that the method presented in the paper can be used to deal with problems of uncertainty such as dynamic multiple attribute decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Networks is an essential phenomenon in all aspects through various perspectives. These networks contain a large number of users better termed as nodes and the connections between the users termed as edges. For efficient information processing and retrieving, accessing the influential node is essential for improving the diffusion process. To identify the influential node inside a heterogeneous community, incorporating probability metrics with regression classifier is put forth stated by proposed method Support Vector Bayesian Machine (SVBM). Node metrics such as degree centrality, closeness centrality is measured for eliminating the nodes primarily. A standardized index based on the centrality values computed for enhancing into SVBM. After the standardized index, similarity dissimilarity index values evaluated by combining the Euclidean, Hamming, Pearson coefficient for valued relations and Jaccard for binary relations which results in a single index value considered as the power degree value(p). The value p determines the node's boundedness, which indicates the range of influence within the community. The outlier nodes in the bounded region get eliminated, and the nodes remaining taken for the final phase of SVBM, probability regression line predicts the node inhibiting the most influential nature. Experimental evaluation of the proposed system with the existing Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique resulted in 0.95 and 0.41 respectively for Area Under Curve (AUC) denoting that the true positive influential node classification process from the other existing nodes was higher than SVM. In comparison with the existing SVM, the proposed methodology SVBM attained a node detection, which influenced a higher diffusion rate within the networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic CODAS model based on the traditional fuzzy CODAS (combinative distance-based assessment) model and some fundamental theories of 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic information. Firstly, we briefly review the definition of 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets (2TLNSs) and introduce the score function, the accuracy function, operation laws and some aggregation operators of 2TLNNs. Then, the calculation steps of traditional fuzzy CODAS model are briefly presented. Furthermore, by combining the traditional fuzzy CODAS model with 2TLNNs information, the 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic CODAS model is established and the computing steps for multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) are simply depicted. Our presented model is more accurate and effective for considering the combinative form of two distance measurements, including fuzzy weighted Hamming distance (HD) and fuzzy weighted Euclidean distance (ED). Finally, a numerical example for safety assessment of construction project has been given to illustrate this new model and some comparisons between 2TLNNs CODAS model and two 2TLNNs aggregation operators are also made to further illustrate the advantages of the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) have extensively been employed in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). COmbinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) method, which is relatively a new MCDM technique, aims to select the alternative having the largest Euclidean and Taxicab (Hamming) distances to the negative- ideal point. This paper develops an intuitionistic fuzzy CODAS method, namely Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy CODAS (IVIF-CODAS), and introduces it to the literature first time. The objective of our paper is to make a multi-criteria decision under intuitionistic fuzzy uncertainty by taking the hesitancy of decision makers into consideration based on both Euclidean and Taxicab distances according to the negative-ideal point. To show the effectiveness of the developed method, an application is given for wave energy facility location selection in Turkey and the obtained results are compared with crisp CODAS method's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new version of distance measure for hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets is developed. The new version of distance measure provides an objective way to handle the diverse dimensions of two HFLTSs, i.e., without shortening the HFLTS to be a linguistic interval or extending the shorter one by adding linguistic terms. The Hamming distance, the Euclidean distance and the corresponding forms are put forward. By the relationship between the distance measure and the similarity measure, some parallel similarity measures are also investigated. As applications of the proposed measures, the issues of pattern recognition, clustering analysis and multi-criteria decision making are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molodtsov [35] initiated the soft set theory, which can be used as a generic mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. Maji [30] defined the concept of neutrosophic soft set which is based on a combination of the neutrosophic set and soft set models. In this paper, we give the notion of neutrosophic soft set with a new style and present some algebraic properties. We define several distance measures between neutrosophic soft sets and give an axiomatic definition of neutrosophic entropy for a neutrosophic soft set. To find the most ideal alternatives from all possible alternatives, we propose a method based on similarity measure. Thus we can rank all possible alternatives. Finally, the proposed similarity measure is applied to a multicriteria decision making problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As generalize of the hesitant fuzzy sets, hesitant interval-valued fuzzy sets (HIVFSs), which permits the memberships of an element to a given set having a few different interval values in [0,1] rather than real numbers, can be considered as a powerful tool to express uncertain information in the human decision making process. Based on the traditional Hamming distance, Euclidean distance, Hausdorff distance, and generalized distance, in this paper, we propose a variety of distance measures for hesitant interval-valued fuzzy sets, based on which the corresponding similarity measures can be obtained. We investigate the connections of the aforementioned distance measures and further develop a number of hesitant interval-valued ordered weighted distance measures and hesitant interval-valued ordered weighted similarity measures. They can alleviate the influence of unduly large (or small) deviations on the aggregation results by assigning them low (or high) weights. Finally, we shall present a numerical example to show potential evaluation of emerging technology commercialization with hesitant interval-valued fuzzy information in order to illustrate the method proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interval neutrosophic set is an instance of a neutrosophic set, which can be used in real scientific and engineering applications. In the paper, the Hamming and Euclidean distances between interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) are defined and the similarity measures between INSs are proposed based on the relationship between similarity measures and distances. In the applications of the similarity measures, a multicriteria decision-making method is established in interval neutrosophic setting, in which criterion values with respect to alternatives are evaluated by the form of interval neutrosophic values (INVs) and the criterion weights are known information. We utilize the similarity measures between each alternative and the ideal alternative to rank the alternatives and to determine the best one. Finally, an illustrative example demonstrates the applications of the proposed decision-making method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]