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Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive decline and risk for dementia, but the neuropathology involved is unclear., Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether PTSD is associated with increased levels of Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood-based biomarkers., Methods: Individuals aged 50 years and older with PTSD were compared to trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHCs) at baseline on serum measures of amyloid- β (A β ) 42 and 40 levels, the A β 42 /A β 40 ratio, and total tau. Serum was analyzed using ultrasensitive Simoa Human Neurology 3-Plex A assay (N3PA). Linear regressions modeling each AD biomarker as a function of group were used to investigate between-group differences, controlling for age, sex, and educational attainment (years)., Results: TEHC participants ( N  = 26) were 53.8% male with mean age 66.8±10.7, whereas PTSD participants ( N  = 44) were 47.7% male and aged 62.5±9.1 years. No between-group differences were noted on demographic characteristics or cognitive performance measured with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. There were no significant between-group differences in serum A β 40 (TEHC 105.8±51.6 versus PTSD 93.2±56.1, p  = 0.46), A β 42 (TEHC 8.1±4.6 versus PTSD 7.8±4.6, p  = 0.63), A β 42 /A β 40 (TEHC 0.08±0.03 versus PTSD 0.09±0.03, p  = 0.27), or total tau (TEHC 0.5±0.3 versus PTSD 0.5±0.4, p  = 0.77). Likewise, there were no significant interaction effects of amyloid or tau serum concentrations and PTSD group status on cognitive functioning., Conclusion: Findings from cognitive assessments and serum analyses do not support PTSD-induced neurodegeneration of the Alzheimer's type as a pathway linking PTSD to increased incidence of dementia in older adults., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report., (© 2022 – The authors. Published by IOS Press.)