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Background and Study Aim. The purpose of this research was to study the timeline evolution of walking, as well as the Pacing Strategy Profiles of high-level women in the 20 km of race walking. Material: The practical example of applying the theoretical basis was made during the Women’s Greek Championship (Megara 2016), in which 12 athletes aged 19 to 40 participated (28.50 ± 7.20). Material and Methods. The certified distance of the 20km route was divided into 10 sections of 2 km each. The same happened with the times (intermediate, final) corresponding to the individual sections (2 km) of the route. The athletes were divided into 4 groups: the first 3, those who finished 15% slower than the first, those who finished 15% - 30% slower, and those who finished more than 30% slower than the winner. Finally became comparison of the first 6 and last 6 athletes’ groups. Results. The individual pace strategies that describe the tactics of the athletes in this race have been calculated. It was found that the winners of the race used Even Pacing Strategy, maintaining a steady speed on most of the route. As the level of women athletes became lower, Variable Pacing Strategy was used, while the athletes who finished last did not seem to be able to maintain any particular pacing strategy. Conclusions. It is suggested that athletes should follow Even Pacing Strategy during the race in order to improve their performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to record the characteristics of Poland’s alpine skier’s (students) in relation to the frequency of accidents. In this research 66 skiers participated (50 men and 16 women). Methods: The specimens came by recreational skiers (beginners - advanced) in the ski resort in Passo Tonale (Italy). The research material came from analysis of completed questionnaires from 66 Polish skiers. They have recorded four categories of factors: a) individual factors b) factors of preparation in the snow in relation to injuries c) factors of preparation in dry ground in relation to injuries d) factors of injuries. Results: About 6,3% Polish skiers respondents had in the past, an accident in alpine skiing. In the Polish population the number of beginner skiers is overriding, with a few years of training in skiing, however with several days training a year using a ski instructor teacher for warming up and individual form of learning. Conclusions: Skiers who don’t had physical fitness preparation before the winter season, had a greater percentage of accidents and injuries. Polish skiers usually had limb injuries lower extremities (sprains) due to the reckless of the skiers.

Purpose: The purpose of the research was the evaluation of efficiency of anaerobic ability (power), anaerobic endurance, anaerobic fatigue and the restitution of the pulse rate of alpine skiing students through the slalom simulator. In addition, the aim of the research was the correlation of the special tests of alpine skiing on dry ground (octagon test) and in snow (triangle test and slalom test) with the target of determining ability levels. Methods: The 20 people sample was composed by two teams of male and female who took the course for advanced (n = 7) aged 23±1.40 years and for beginners course (n = 13) aged 20±1.49 years. For the evaluation process two special tests were used, on the ground and in snow. The ground test was completed in the slalom simulator for 40 seconds. The second ground test was the octagon bouncing (40cm each side) x 3. The snow test was the Haczkiewicz test (triangle test) and the slalom (7 gates), where the time of a try was measured. Results: The best efficiency in anaerobic power was made by the advanced males and females, while in the anaerobic endurance by the beginners males and females. The best performance in the dexterity tests in snow on the triangle and slalom test was made by the advanced males and beginners females respectively. Conclusions: The significant correlation between the results of anaerobic performance in the slalom simulator and the triangle test in snow confirms the means of diagnosing skill and fitness on dry ground and snow respectively. There is a significant correlation between snow test results and there is no correlation with the octagon test. The aforementioned results can be used in the talent selection process of alpine skiing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the skis on snow depending on sex, type of ski and the level of training of the technical skier. Material: in the research participated 57 skiers, generally of age 26 +- 8.62 years (34 males and 23 females) at the ski center of Parnassos (Greece). The evaluation of the ski behavior on snow came up via the scores on Test 1 to Test 5 in practice, to the rating scale from 0 to 10 respectively. The participants, after performing daily training with their skis completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included the following elements: sex, height, weight, the type of skis and the type of TEST as: 1-2) behavior of skis in long and short turning radius, respectively, 3) grip of the ski edges in turn, 4) stability of ski riding, 5) usage of general muscle strength (fatigue). Results: The correlation between the first four tests (Test 1-4) was significant at statistical significance level, apart from test 5, which shows reduced physical fitness of the skier. Also the majority of skiers prefer parabolic skis (carving ski), although the racing skis were highly rated. Conclusions: The widespread (carving skis) are skis with medium score in both of all five tests in comparison to the Race ski. Finally, as expected, the highest score was given by the athletes (r = 0.69-0.99). It is recommended for further research of the correct selection of the ski in relation to: the physical fitness of the skier, prevention and injuries.

The aim of the present study is the assessment of the dietary habits of Greek alpine ski athletes, with regard to the consumption of specific food groups as well as the evaluation of their compliance with the official dietary recommendations of international organizations. The sample consisted of 65 Greek skiers, both experienced and inexperienced. Three groups of trainees participated: 1) a group of students of Athens, elective skiing –28 people, 2) a group of students of Athens, specialization skiing – 21 people, 3) group of experienced skiers - 16 people. The sample taking was based on the following criteria: a) the skiers had to be Greek, b) to be over 18 years old, c) the questionnaires had to be completed anonymously in their leisure time. The questionnaires were given to the participants, including the following subjects: frequency of daily dinners, daily intake of cereals – baked products, daily intake of dairy products, daily intake of animal protein, daily intake of seafood, daily intake of fatty food, daily intake of vegetables – juice – fruit and daily intake of sweets. Taking into account the results, we are driven to the following conclusions: the update of information of skiers concerning the intake of wrong food is considered necessary. It is ascertained that the majority of people (83%) in all three groups (elective, specialization, experienced skiers) have 4-5 dinners daily. The majority of people in three groups have less than 3 servings daily: of animal protein, dairy products, vegetables, fruit and juice.