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Self-ligating brackets, as the name suggests, do not use any steel ligature wires or elastic ligature modules in holding the archwires into the bracket slots. Rather they have their own mechanics of holding the archwire, either by a clip already in the bracket or a sliding lock mechanic in the bracket. These brackets can be active or passive depending on how the wire is engaged in between the slot and the self-ligating mechanism. In this review article, various systems of self-ligating brackets have been shown as they have been introduced from the past since their introduction in the early 1930s to the present. Keywords: Ligature wires, Elastomeric ligatures, SmartClip, Damon

Malocclusion can also be caused by abnormal functions, for instance, mouth breathing, tongue thrust, swallowing, and unilateral chewing and also by abnormal postures of oral circumferential muscles like forward tongue thrust, tongue biting, and low tongue at rest. Orthodontists agree that the tongue’s habitually abnormal movement can cause a variety of malocclusions. The aim of the present literature is to enlighten the anatomy & development of tongue, along with its functions and orthodontic implications (role in malocclusion). Keywords: Tongue, Swallowing, Mastication, Orthodontics.

The esthetic appearance of teeth forms a part of an overall picture, interacting closely with facial esthetics. The patient’s esthetic expectations were successfully met through a comprehensive approach of severe proclination by tipping the maxillary central incisors. Here, we are showing a novel approach to bring about uncontrolled tipping to decrease the inclination of severely proclined teeth. Keywords : Transpalatal arch, Uncontrolled tipping, Deep bite