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Background: Approximately one percent of current live births of the world are conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental status of children born through assisted and natural conceptions at the age of five years. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, developmental status of 5 years old children was evaluated via Persian version of 60-month Ages and Stages Questionnaires. Case group consisted of 61 singletons, term babies whom were born through ART in the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd, Iran in 2005. Control group consisted of 61 term, first child, singleton and spontaneously conceived born five years old children whom were referred to Shahid Akbari primary health care center in 2010. Results: 58 girls (47.5%) and 64 boys (52.5%) were evaluated. Frequency of developmental delay in domains of fine motor (47.5% vs. 24.6%, pO.OO8) and problem solving (60.6% vs. 34.4%, p=O.0O4) were more in ART born children. On logistic regression, fine motor development state was independently affected by maternal educational level (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.67-16.30, pO.OO4) and developmental status in problem solving domains was independently affected by maternal educational level (OR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.25-19.07, p0.02) and birth weight (OR: 7.1, 95% CI: 1.78-29.01, p0.0O6) Conclusion: Maternal educational level and birth weight are important factors that influenced developmental outcome of ART born children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low birth weight (LBW or birth weight <2500 g) is one of the most serious health problems in today's world. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth parameters of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admitted LBW preterm neonates at corrected ages of 6 and 12 months. Materials and Methods: In a prospective cohort (follow up) study, all LBW preterm neonates whom were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital NICU in 2008, followed up for one year and their weight, height and head circumference evaluated at ages of 6 and 12 months. Results: Twenty four boys and 26 girls with mean gestational age of 31.3±2.7 weeks and mean birth weight of 1480.3±422.8gr were evaluated. The most frequency of underweight and short stature was seen at the age of six months. Exclusive breast feeding infants had the lowest frequency of underweight at the age of six. Frequency of underweight at the age of six months and NICU stay days were more in neonates with birth weight of less than 1000 gr. Conclusion: It is necessary to emphasize on the importance of growth assessment of LBW children and proper education of their mothers about nutrition of their children for early and timely diagnosis and management of growth retardation and prevention of subsequent problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), caused due to reduced oxygenation and brain blood flow, occurs in 1-8 per 1000 live full-term births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live in the developing world. The growth status of survivors of birth HIE has not been evaluated sufficiently. Objective: This study evaluated, the growth parameters (weight, height, and head circumference) of neonates with Sarnat stage.2 of HIE at 6, 10, and 12 months and its relationship with findings of neonatal brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. Materials and Methods: Medical records and growth parameters of 35 neonates with gestational age > 34 wk who were admitted with stage.2 of HIE in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran from March 2021-March 2022, and its relationship with neonatal brain DWI sequence finding was evaluated. Results: 15 girls and 20 boys with a mean birth weight of 2880.3 ± 221.8 gr were evaluated. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI were found to be abnormal in 6 (17.1%) and 18 neonates (51.4%). The most abnormal finding of DWI was high signal in basal ganglia/thalamus in 9 neonates (25.7%). Abnormal DWI is more frequent in neonates with seizures and low birth weight. Hospital stay days were more prolonged in neonates with abnormal DWI. Microcephaly at 12 months was more frequent in children with abnormal DWI. Conclusion: In survivors of moderate neonatal HIE, abnormal brain DWI sequence might predict inappropriate head growth, and need close medical and nutritional interventions for growth improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), caused due to reduced oxygenation and brain blood flow, occurs in 1-8 per 1000 live full-term births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live in the developing world. The growth status of survivors of birth HIE has not been evaluated sufficiently. Objective: This study evaluated, the growth parameters (weight, height, and head circumference) of neonates with Sarnat stage.2 of HIE at 6, 10, and 12 months and its relationship with findings of neonatal brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. Materials and Methods: Medical records and growth parameters of 35 neonates with gestational age > 34 wk who were admitted with stage.2 of HIE in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran from March 2021-March 2022, and its relationship with neonatal brain DWI sequence finding was evaluated. Results: 15 girls and 20 boys with a mean birth weight of 2880.3 ± 221.8 gr were evaluated. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI were found to be abnormal in 6 (17.1%) and 18 neonates (51.4%). The most abnormal finding of DWI was high signal in basal ganglia/thalamus in 9 neonates (25.7%). Abnormal DWI is more frequent in neonates with seizures and low birth weight. Hospital stay days were more prolonged in neonates with abnormal DWI. Microcephaly at 12 months was more frequent in children with abnormal DWI. Conclusion: In survivors of moderate neonatal HIE, abnormal brain DWI sequence might predict inappropriate head growth, and need close medical and nutritional interventions for growth improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Admission of low birth-weight (LBW) neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) causes their deprivation of tactile and sensory stimulation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of body massage on growth parameters (weight, height and head circumference) gain velocity of LBW in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial study was conducted on LBW neonates whom were admitted to NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from March to December 2011. Neonates were randomly assigned to two groups. In group one, 20 neonates were received massage three times in a day for consecutive 14 days by their mothers. In group two, intervention consisted of standard and routine care as control group. The primary endpoints were efficacy in increase of mean of weight, height and head circumference that were evaluated 14 days after intervention, at ages one and two months. Secondary outcome was clinical side effects. Results: 17 girls and 23 boys with mean gestational age of 34.4±1.22 weeks were evaluated. In the body massage group, only weight at the age of two months was significantly higher than the control group (mean±SD: 3250±305 vs. 2948±121 gr, p=0.005). No adverse events were seen in the two groups. Conclusion: Body massage might be used as an effective and safe non-medical intervention for increasing of weight gain velocity in LBW preterm neonates [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]