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Introduction: Diminish production of testosterone hormone could affect sperm quality; hence contribute to the infertility in man. Materials and Methods: 25 Sprague Dawley adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats were supplemented orally once a day with 0.25 ml Tween 20 solution containing non-polar hexane extract of PM at one of the following concentrations: 0, 6, 12, and 60 mg/kg for seven weeks. Commercial testosterone hormone was used as positive control. On the last day of supplementation period, all rats were sacrificed and orchidectomy technique was performed to collect semen sample from cauda epididymis of the testis. The sperm count, motility, viability and morphology were determined. Results: The results showed that the sperm motility was significantly improved by non-polar PM extract (p<0.05) with the value of 66.98% (6 mg/kg), 63.96% (12 mg/kg) and 65.21% (60 mg/kg) compared to 44.08% for 0 mg/kg group. The supplementation of PM extract however did not improved the sperm count, sperm viability and sperm morphology. The sperm count was 852 (0 mg/kg), 918 (6 mg/kg), 906 (12 mg/kg), 1030 (60 mg/kg) and 1027 million cells/ml (commercial testosterone). The sperm viability was 85.90 (0 mg/kg), 85.26 (6 mg/kg), 85.45 (12 mg/kg), 87.88 (60 mg/kg), and 89.32% (commercial testosterone). The sperm morphology was 62.5% (0 mg/kg), 63.7% (6 mg/kg), 72.2% (12 mg/kg), 67.0% (60 mg/kg) and 64.5% (commercial testosterone). The results showed that non-polar PM extract only improved the sperm motility and did not have any effect on the sperm count, morphology and viability. Conclusion: The study concludes that non-polar extract of PM has no compound that can improve sperm quality except on the motility of the sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fertility is the natural capability of giving live. In male, fertility requires the production of large numbers of normal and mature spermatozoa by testes through a complex process call spermatogenesis. Evidence shows increase male age is associated with the decline of mature sperm in seminiferous tubule. Aqueous extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) has been shown to improve fertility in rats by increasing the spermatogenesis. Materials and Methods: Hexane extract of Phaleria Macrocarpa was prepared by extracting grinded dried slices of fruit followed with drying of the extract using rotary evaporator. A total of 30 male rats were divided into 5 different groups and subjected to daily treatments with PM extract at one of the following concentration: 0. 6, 12, 60 mg/kg of hexane extract, or commercial testosterone hormone for seven consecutive weeks. They will be fed with pellet once a day in the morning and drinking water will be given ad libitum. Body weight was measured once a week. On the last day of supplementation period, the rats were sacrificed and the testis was isolated for histological evaluation. Results: The result showed that no significant effect of non-polar extract of PM on testes size and volume, thickness of seminiferous tubules and spermatogonia cell number. The mean thickness of seminiferous tubules were 62, 68, 62, 60, 60 pm for 60, 12, 6, 0 mg/kg of PM extract and commercial testosterone respectively. The mean for spermatogonia cell count in rats treated with 60, 12, 6 and 0 mg/kg and commercial testosterone were 52.8, 43.8, 47.0, 52.6, 52.0 cells respectively. Conclusion: The study concludes that the non-polar extract of PM has no effect on the fertility of male. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) has been claimed to overcome male fertility problems related to reduction of testosterone level. Materials and Methods: Non-polar hexane extract of PM was prepared using soxhlet extraction technique, dried to powder using rotary evaporator and been kept for later use. In total 30 male adult Spraque Dawley rats weight about 250 gr were divided into five groups. For libido study, 30 female rats weight about 250 gr each were used for the purpose of mounting latency and mounting frequency study. The male rats were kept in individual cage while for female rats, there were five rats for one cage. Three groups of rats were given three different concentration of PM non-polar extract [High dose (60 mg/kg), Medium dose (12 mg/kg) and Low dose (6 mg/kg)]. One group was given tween 20 solution (negative control) and another group was given commercial testosterone hormone (positive control) orally for seven weeks. At the end of experiment period each male rat was introduced to one female rat to determine the libido behavior. Blood sample was then collected using cardiac puncture and the testosterone level was determined by radioimmunoassay kit (TESTO-CTK P3093). Results: Administration of non-polar hexane extract of PM showed no significant changed for the serum testosterone level and mounting latency of the rats. While, there was a significant change (p<0.05) in the mounting frequency in different groups; 6, 14, 14, 4 and 7 times for the negative control, low dose, medium dose, high dose, and positive control respectively. Conclusion: PM non-polar hexane extract did not show a potential value as an alternative way to improve the sexual strength. However it showed a potential for the improvement of the mounting frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]