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The temperature of lithium-ion batteries rises linearly and is kept within a safe range by the battery management system during normal vehicle operation. However, if external factors or motor current exceeds the standard current limit for a short time, the battery temperature may rise exponentially. If the rate of temperature rises too high and exceeds 250 °C, it causes chemical reaction inside the battery, resulting in thermal discharge. The chemical reaction that occurs due to high temperature is irreversible and can quickly lead to fire, causing the electrical vehicle to go up in flames. An artificial Intelligence-based Battery Management System (BMS) can predict the rise in temperature, monitor safe current level, avoid thermal depletion of the battery, and warn the user. In this study, we propose a modification to the existing BMS to improve performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Hearing Aid (DHA) device selectively filters sound signals in subbands. Gain is added as per hearing loss mentioned in audiogram. DHA uses digital filters and amplifies processed signal, and this signal is transferred to the ear. Multiple DHA manufacturing companies all over world have innovative and miniature DHA devices in their product range. They do rigorous research and development to improve product functionalities. Most of them use design method of digital filters using selective amplification by adding gain to subband where patients have hearing loss. Nowadays, DHAs are more customized to individual patient hearing loss characteristics. Most of the available hearing aid designs use filter banks with fixed subbands. The paper focuses on reducing the complexity of the algorithms improving DHA user experience in changing noise and proposes a single reconfigurable transfer function type of digital Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter to achieve a best fitting to audiogram as per the specifications with IEC 60118-15 standard, and the processed signals are tested with ITU-TPESQ standards. The paper uses International Speech Test Signal (ISTS) standard speech audio signal to test designed filter, and the results are found to be very satisfactory compared with the fixed filter banks. The paper discusses combined or reconfigured transfer function approach for use in DHA devices and design of reconfigurable FIR filter bank with adjusting different parameters in terms of requirements of DHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing impairment is a commonly observed human health problem across the world. In "hearing loss", hearing sensitivity is reduced. To treat hearing loss problem, hearing assistive devices are used. Hearing aids restore hearing ability for those having hearing problems. But with today's most advanced technologies in hearing aids, patients still have some difficulty in understanding speech in crowded areas. Hearing aid has hearing loss match up and adjustment of the hearing aid characteristics according to an individual patient. Digital hearing-aid device amplifies sound selectively by use of digital filters and the processed signal is transferred to the ear. Hearing-aid designers are continuously trying to minimize background sounds and noise with these additional directional microphones, adaptable noise reduction filters and uses of binaural hearing aid technologies to improve localization. Lots of studies have been already done to design digital filters for selective amplification. Most of the available hearing-aid designs have digital filter bank and fixed sub-band structure. Previous research aims at creating band decomposition, and the research is focused on using less complex algorithms for accomplishment of the decomposition of signals. The paper reviews available designs and reconfigurable digital filter banks to achieve the best fitting to audiogram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]