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In most developed countries, wastewater treatment plants are presently utilizing efficient purification technology meeting the sufficiency requirements of quality and quantity. However, in developing countries, the number of wastewater treatment plants is limited. As a result, the establishment of a connection between the wastewater collection system and wastewater purification plants is increasingly becoming a top priority for researchers. The aim of this article is to analyze wastewater collection and purification systems and establish the links between these two processes. In the present study, the efficiency of the present purification system at the Istanbul-Tuzla and Adana-Kozan plants was investigated with the aim of enhancing their performance. The findings pertaining to the model sewage system revealed a decrease in NH3-N by 20-70%, total nitrogen (T-N) by 25-75%, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) by 50-60%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 35-55% and suspended solids (SS) by 55-85%. As a result of studies performed in the Tuzla sewage treatment system, we can confirm that T-N decreased by 50-75%, suspended solid particles by 24-57%, and BOD5 by 34-57%, while 35-55% of COD was removed. Similarly, in the canal exit at Kozan, BOD5 decreased by 40-55%, COD by 30-50%, SS by 25-45% and T-N by 5-40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a full-scale physical model and its application to investigate the effectiveness/performance of small-bore sewers for a range of operational and design parameters. The implementation methodology involves observing the movement of synthetic gross solids in three small bore sewers (150, 100 and 75 mm diameter) for different volumes of simulated flush waves and gradients. The simulated flush waves were generated, using an automated wave sequencer, for three different flush volumes (3, 4.5 and 6 likes). To investigate the impact of solid shape factor, a number of tests were carried out using synthetic solids in combination with toilet tissue paper. In total, more than 1,000 tests were performed for different operational and design parameter combinations. Results obtained to date have confirmed earlier studies, particularly with respect to the role of flush volume in solids transport, and identified the impact of gradient variation and its significance particularly in small-bore sewers receiving low flush volume. Results from the physical model application exercise will be used to propose new design guidelines for wastewater collection systems with specific consideration to new developments and inform the decision support system, currently being developed as pan of a research project on water cycle management for new developments (WAND). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]