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A human prostate specific antigen (PA) has been purified from an extract of prostatic tissue obtained during operation for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The antigen, which can be demonstrated a single component by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), has an apparent molecular weight of about 34,000 and has lower mobility for the positive pole than prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) for PA in serum was developed with the antiserum raised in rabbit against partially purified PA. In normal serum of 30 controls the concentration were studied by the RIA. The normal upper limit of the serum PA levels in assay was set at 2.5 ng/ml. Elevated levels were observed in serum from 19 out of 21 untreated patients with prostatic carcinoma and 9 out of 23 patients with BPH, but latter less than 10 ng/ml. The results indicate that the PA is a potentially useful marker as well as PAP for prostatic cancer.

We purified human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP) from prostatic tissues by affinity chromatography, DEAE cellulose and gel filtration and also examined physicochemical properties of highly purified PAP. We developed a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for hPAP in serum, with use of antiserum raised in rabbit against highly purified PAP. The antiserum did not cross react with acid phosphatase from platelets and red blood cells. Experimental detail are outlined to assess the reproducibility and reliability of the method under various conditions. The upper limit of the serum PAP levels in the present assay was set at 3.0 ng/ml by 162 determinations of samples. The serum PAP levels of 2 untreated patients with prostatic carcinoma were higher than 3.0 ng/ml and 39 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were an average value of 1.9 ng/ml.

169Yb-DTPAのGFR測定用試薬としての有用性を検索するため, 基礎実験を行ない, 臨床的検討を行なったので報告する。【169】Yb-DTPAの検索にはPPC, TLCを用い, 展開溶媒として, 展開時間の速いこと, 適当なRf値, 分離能の良い点などから50%水性アセトン (acetone: H2O=1: 1) を使用した。その結果169Yb-DTPAは血漿タンパクと結合せず, 体内で分解されず, 迅速に尿中へ排泄された。しかしラットにおいて169Yb-DTPA静注後, 30日目で約2%が残留しており, その分布は骨, 肝に多く認められた。健康人4名を含む23名に対して, 169Yb-DTPAとチオ硫酸ソーダによるGFRを測定し, 相関係数は0.98で, 臨床的に十分利用できることが確認された。

RI-renogram測定にさいして重要な問題は, どのRI-renogam測定装置で施行しても, 正常腎レノグラムは, ある一定の標準曲線を示すということである。つまり, 各装置について, 等しい標準曲線が得られるよう, 適当な測定条件を定めればよい。われわれの測定条件はシンチレーター (NaI結晶: 1inφ×1in) , 広角型コリメーター, レートメーター; 分解能25μs以下, レンジ1×104cpm, 時定数10秒, 記録紙送り速度10mm/分, 標識試薬【131】I-hippuran, 投与量4μc/10kg, 患者の姿勢通常坐位。RI-renogram曲線の各部分の標準値を得るため, 正常腎renogram 44例を分析し, 数的にほぼ正常曲線を規定した。正常腎および疾患を有する腎のrenogramを分析し, これを4型に分類した。この分類型は片腎者80例においてみると, PSP15分値と非常に興味ある関係を示した。また, 40例についてRPFとA点, b勾配とを比較すると, かなりの相関を示した。RI-renogramの判定法としては現在のところ曲線の型を標準型と比較して大体の機能を知り, ついでRI-renogram判定基準の各因子について正常値と比較し, さらに反対側腎のそれらと比較して判定するのがもっとも実用的と思っている。以上の見解を2症例について検討し, その臨床検査としてすぐれた実用性を有することを指摘した。

The features of radioisotope renogram equipment are described. Use of a wide angle flat field collimator, a discriminator which cuts off the gamma -rays of lower than 300 Kev in order to avoid the influences of gamma -rays of the opposite side, a transistorized ratemeter and use of a two-pen recorder system to make comparison of renograms of both sides easy are features of the equipment. It is suggested that the tracing conditions, such as time constant, range, recording speed, and test material should be noted when one presents a radioisotope renogram. Also, the renogram of the normal kidney or nephrectomized side should show a uniform pattern to eliminate any difficulty in interpretation of the renogram.