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Our research aims to study the properties of real shark skin in accordance with its topographical features and the biomimicry for friction reduction. In this paper, we are focusing on antifouling surface modification based on the surface roughness and frictional resistance inspired from the shark’s denticule arrangements. Biomimetic shark skins were prepared using the silicone laminated transfer molding method to investigate the antifouling effects. Anti-algae formations were investigated to examine and assess the antifouling properties of the biomimetic shark skin surface microstructure. The results indicated that the effect of microreplication with shark skin on the surface had reduced 13% - 40% of algae formation. The characteristics of the hydrophobic properties for shark skin had also been investigated through the analysis of the contact angle (CA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the surfaces morphologies of the shark skin as well as the biomimetic shark skin. In addition to that, the frictional resistance experiment was carried out to evaluate the friction of coefficient (COF) of different surface modifications. The frictional resistance experiment for real shark skin and replicated shark skin demonstrated lowered COF value ranging from μ = 0 to 1, compared to the COF for controlled surface whereby the value ranges from μ = 0 to 5.

Foil bearings have excellent characteristics such as a high damping performance and acceptable dimensional changes caused by installation errors and thermal expansion. However, the problem of large friction losses also occurs at the top foil under the high rotational speed required to support a shaft without any contact. In this paper, a new type of foil bearing with a surface texture on the top foil is proposed. The effects of the texture were verified by the rotational motion experimental analysis under a high circumferential speed and dry lubrication. For a bearing with dimples on the contact area, the effect of friction reduction could be observed under boundary lubrication. Moreover, it was also confirmed that the dimples adversely affected the air film formation with the sliding speed increase. For a newly designed F-grooved model, the phenomenon of an early transition from boundary lubrication to fluid lubrication can be seen. However, the friction coefficient increases at the boundary lubrication. In this study, it was also the highest friction reduction effect was confirmed at the maximum sliding speed. Furthermore, an additional friction reduction effect and a small temperature rise were obtained by combining the above textures.

This research focuses on the optimum design of fluid dynamic bearing (FDB) named modified spiral design. The objective is to improve the pressure and velocity distribution inside the FDB. In this paper, the current spiral design has 12 number of grooves while the modified spiral design has 24 number of grooves. Both design can be classified into two, bearing with seal and without seal. Air was chosen to replace the oil as the lubricant. Results show that the modified spiral bearing design has comparable characteristics compared to conventional spiral design in terms of pressure and velocity distribution. Modified spiral geometries also shows a tendency to replace the function of seals in FDB. This makes it possible to simplify bearing design without using any seal just by modifying its geometries based on novel modified spiral geometries. Experimental verifications also proved that the modified spiral bearing design has better air leakage control compared to the conventional ones. This phenomenon occurs in both design parameters, where when the designs are compared with respect to increase of rotational speed and air film thickness.